PURPOSE: The objective was to investigate the metabolic fate of phytosteryl/-stanyl fatty acid and ferulic acid esters upon consumption by healthy humans. METHODS: A capillary gas chromatographic methodology was employed to follow a randomized, single-blind three group crossover clinical trial and to quantify simultaneously individual intact esters, liberated phytosterols/-stanols and their metabolites in feces. Skimmed milk drinking yogurts enriched with complex mixtures of phytosteryl/-stanyl fatty acid esters and ferulates, respectively, were employed as food carriers. RESULTS: On average, 73 % of total plant stanyl fatty acid esters and 80 % of total plant steryl fatty acid esters were hydrolyzed. Among the individuals, the hydrolysis rates ranged from 40 to 96 %. In addition, there were subject-dependent discrepancies between the amounts of phytosterols/-stanols actually determined in the feces and the calculated hydrolysis rates. On average, 69 % of the amounts of sterols/stanols expected from the amounts of remaining intact esters were found. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed large interindividual variability regarding the recoveries of dietary phytosteryl/-stanyl esters upon gastrointestinal passage in healthy humans. Nevertheless, there was a significant impact of the acid moiety (oleate=linoleate=linolenate>eicosanoate>palmitate>ferulate) on the hydrolysis rates; the influence of the phytosterol/-stanol moiety was less pronounced.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: The objective was to investigate the metabolic fate of phytosteryl/-stanyl fatty acid and ferulic acid esters upon consumption by healthy humans. METHODS: A capillary gas chromatographic methodology was employed to follow a randomized, single-blind three group crossover clinical trial and to quantify simultaneously individual intact esters, liberated phytosterols/-stanols and their metabolites in feces. Skimmed milk drinking yogurts enriched with complex mixtures of phytosteryl/-stanyl fatty acidesters and ferulates, respectively, were employed as food carriers. RESULTS: On average, 73 % of total plant stanyl fatty acid esters and 80 % of total plant steryl fatty acid esters were hydrolyzed. Among the individuals, the hydrolysis rates ranged from 40 to 96 %. In addition, there were subject-dependent discrepancies between the amounts of phytosterols/-stanols actually determined in the feces and the calculated hydrolysis rates. On average, 69 % of the amounts of sterols/stanols expected from the amounts of remaining intact esters were found. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed large interindividual variability regarding the recoveries of dietary phytosteryl/-stanyl esters upon gastrointestinal passage in healthy humans. Nevertheless, there was a significant impact of the acid moiety (oleate=linoleate=linolenate>eicosanoate>palmitate>ferulate) on the hydrolysis rates; the influence of the phytosterol/-stanol moiety was less pronounced.
Authors: Markku Nissinen; Helena Gylling; Matti Vuoristo; Tatu A Miettinen Journal: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Date: 2002-06 Impact factor: 4.052
Authors: Dieter Lütjohann; Andreas Brzezinka; Esther Barth; Dorothee Abramowski; Matthias Staufenbiel; Klaus von Bergmann; Konrad Beyreuther; Gerd Multhaup; Thomas A Bayer Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2002-07 Impact factor: 5.922