Neuropsychological outcome from uncomplicated mild, complicated mild, and moderate traumatic brain injury in US military personnel.

This study compared the neuropsychological outcome in military personnel following mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 83 service members divided into three injury severity groups: uncomplicated mild TBI (MTBI; n = 24), complicated MTBI (n = 17), and moderate TBI (n = 42). Participants were evaluated within 6 months following injury (73% within 3 months) using neurocognitive testing and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). There were no significant differences between the three groups on the majority of neurocognitive measures. Similarly, there were no significant differences between the three groups on the majority of PAI clinical scales (all p > .05), with the exception of two scales. The uncomplicated MTBI group had significantly higher scores on the Anxiety-Related Disorders and Aggression scales compared with the complicated MTBI group, but not the moderate TBI group. Overall, these results suggest that within the first 6 months post injury, there were few detectable differences in the neuropsychological outcome following uncomplicated MTBI, complicated MTBI, or moderate TBI in this military sample.