Small molecule inhibitors promote efficient generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human skeletal myoblasts.

Human somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by ectopic expression of key transcription factors. iPSCs have been generated from a variety of cell types. However, iPSC induction from human myoblasts has not yet been reported. Human primary skeletal myoblasts can be cultured from diagnostic muscle biopsy specimens, and thousands of lines are frozen and stored in biobanks, and are a valuable source for iPSC-based etiological and pathogenic studies. Our aim was to generate iPSCs from human skeletal myoblasts enriched from muscle biopsy samples. We used retro- or Sendai virus vector-mediated reprogramming of enriched human myoblasts from 7 donors. We show that stable iPSC lines can be generated from human myoblasts at efficiency similar to that of fibroblasts when appropriate media is used, and the efficiency of the feeder-free iPSC generation can be significantly improved by inhibitors of histone deacetylase (sodium butyrate) and TGF-β signaling (SB431542).