| Literature DB >> 22669434 |
Abstract
Dystonias of the oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles are potential causes of deglutitive, respiratory and communicative disorders. In addition to functional deficits such as dysphagia, dysarthria and dysphonia, social disadvantages may arise from the visible or audible manifestations. Treatment with botulinum toxin offers symptomatic and temporary therapeutic effects. Examples of applications in oromandibular dystonia, palatoclonus, dysphagia and laryngeal dystonia (e.g., spasmodic dysphonia) are described.Entities:
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Year: 2012 PMID: 22669434 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-011-2477-7
Source DB: PubMed Journal: HNO ISSN: 0017-6192 Impact factor: 1.284