Pin site infection in orthopaedic external fixation devices.

External fixation is a well-established mode of treatment within orthopaedics; however, despite continued research, pin site infection is still a problem. Pin site infection may cause pain and discomfort to the patient, and result in osteomyelitis or sepsis if minor infection is not managed in a timely and appropriate manner. Fundamental issues such as the assessment and reporting of infection are important in dealing with pin site infection, as is the ongoing management of the pin site itself. Many types of care are evident, with varying evidence to support their use in clinical practice. This article will discuss the identification and classification of pin site infection and the methods of care.