The relationship of surface roughness and cell response of chemical surface modification of titanium.

Implant surface topography influences osteoblastic proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix protein expressions. Previous researches proved that chemical surface modification of titanium implants could be used to improve Bone-to-implant contact. In this study, the surface topography, chemistry and biocompatibility of polished titanium surfaces treated with mixed solution of three acids containing HCl, HF and H(3)PO(4) with different etched conditions for example concentration, time and addition of calcium chloride were studied. Osteoblast cells (MG-63) were cultured on different groups of titanium surfaces. In order to investigate titanium surfaces, SEM, AFM and EDS analyses were carried out. The results showed that surfaces treated with HCl-HF-H(3)PO(4) had higher roughness, lower cytotoxicity level and better biocompatibility than controls. Moreover, addition of calcium chloride into mixed solution of three acids containing HCl, HF and H(3)PO(4) is an important, predominant and new technique for obtaining biofunction in metals for biomedical use including dentistry.