INTRODUCTION: Although it is known that levels of family factors (FF) such as parental monitoring and parent-adolescent connectedness vary during adolescence, it is unknown which factors remain protective, preventing smoking initiation, in youth of differing racial/ethnic groups. Using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample, we examined which FF protect against smoking initiation in White, Black, and Hispanic youth. METHODS: A total of 3,473 parent-nonsmoking youth dyads from Round 1 (T1) of the National Survey of Parents and Youth were followed to Round 3 (T2). Youth smoking status at T2 was assessed as the primary outcome. We examined changes in FF (T2 - T1) and the protection afforded by these factors at T1 and T2 for smoking initiation, both by race/ethnicity and overall. RESULTS: There were statistically significant decreases in levels of protective FF from T1 to T2 across all racial/ethnic groups; however, FF levels were higher in never-smokers compared with smoking initiators at both T1 and T2 (p < .05). Separate models by race/ethnicity showed the protective effect of increased perceived punishment in all racial/ethnic groups and protection against initiation by increased parental monitoring in Black and Hispanic youth. Overall, higher parental monitoring at T1 was associated with decreased odds of smoking initiation (33%); decreased parental monitoring and perceived punishment from T1 to T2 were associated with increased odds of smoking initiation (55% and 17%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevention interventions should encourage parents to both enforce consistent consequences of smoking behavior, and continue monitoring, especially in minority groups.
INTRODUCTION: Although it is known that levels of family factors (FF) such as parental monitoring and parent-adolescent connectedness vary during adolescence, it is unknown which factors remain protective, preventing smoking initiation, in youth of differing racial/ethnic groups. Using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample, we examined which FF protect against smoking initiation in White, Black, and Hispanic youth. METHODS: A total of 3,473 parent-nonsmoking youth dyads from Round 1 (T1) of the National Survey of Parents and Youth were followed to Round 3 (T2). Youth smoking status at T2 was assessed as the primary outcome. We examined changes in FF (T2 - T1) and the protection afforded by these factors at T1 and T2 for smoking initiation, both by race/ethnicity and overall. RESULTS: There were statistically significant decreases in levels of protective FF from T1 to T2 across all racial/ethnic groups; however, FF levels were higher in never-smokers compared with smoking initiators at both T1 and T2 (p < .05). Separate models by race/ethnicity showed the protective effect of increased perceived punishment in all racial/ethnic groups and protection against initiation by increased parental monitoring in Black and Hispanic youth. Overall, higher parental monitoring at T1 was associated with decreased odds of smoking initiation (33%); decreased parental monitoring and perceived punishment from T1 to T2 were associated with increased odds of smoking initiation (55% and 17%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevention interventions should encourage parents to both enforce consistent consequences of smoking behavior, and continue monitoring, especially in minority groups.
Authors: Heather L Corliss; Margaret Rosario; Michelle A Birkett; Michael E Newcomb; Francisco O Buchting; Alicia K Matthews Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2014-04-17 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Divine D Logo; Felix B Oppong; Arti Singh; Seidu Amenyaglo; Kenneth Wiru; Sampson T Ankrah; Labram M Musah; Sardick Kyei-Faried; Joana Ansong; Ellis Owusu-Dabo Journal: J Prev Med Hyg Date: 2021-09-15
Authors: Eric B Loucks; Shelley E Taylor; Joseph F Polak; Aude Wilhelm; Preety Kalra; Karen A Matthews Journal: Soc Sci Med Date: 2013-12-19 Impact factor: 4.634
Authors: Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg; Melissa J Krauss; Shaina J Sowles; Edward L Spitznagel; Richard Grucza; Frank J Chaloupka; Laura J Bierut Journal: Tob Regul Sci Date: 2016-04
Authors: Tzu Tsun Luk; Man Ping Wang; Lok Tung Leung; Yongda Wu; Jianjiu Chen; Tai Hing Lam; Sai Yin Ho Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2017-10-06 Impact factor: 2.692