Attitudes and expectations regarding exercise in the hospital of hospitalized older adults: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: To describe expectations of, and perceived motivators and barriers to, in-hospital exercise of hospitalized older adults.
DESIGN: Qualitative study using the framework theory.
SETTING: Public hospital general medical wards. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight English- or Spanish-speaking inpatients aged 65 to 103. MEASUREMENTS: Semistructured interviews were conducted at the bedside. Questions explored attitudes and expectations regarding in-hospital exercise. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed, and content analysis was performed to identify major themes.
RESULTS: For most participants (71%), exercise in the hospital meant walking. Only 29% of participants expected to be exercising in the hospital, although three-quarters perceived it to be appropriate. Major themes included motivating factors and barriers to in-hospital exercise. Motivating factors included avoiding the negative effects of prolonged bed rest, promoting a sense of well-being, promoting functional recovery, and being asked to exercise. Barriers included symptoms related to one's illness, institutional barriers, and fear of injury. Most respondents (85%) felt that if the physician suggested exercise, it would influence their decision to do so, yet few (27%) reported that they had spoken to their physician about exercise.
CONCLUSION: Hospitalized older adults have positive perceptions about in-hospital exercise, although they must overcome significant barriers to do so. Medical professionals have a strong influence over the exercise behavior of elderly adults in the hospital yet infrequently address the issue. Incorporating motivating factors and removing barriers may increase the effectiveness of in-hospital exercise programs.