Sleep apnoea attenuates the effects of a lifestyle intervention programme in men with visceral obesity.

BACKGROUND: Excess visceral adiposity and sleep apnoea are two conditions independently associated with cardiovascular diseases. The two conditions are often combined and are believed to interact in a vicious circle.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the response of men with visceral obesity with or without sleep apnoea syndrome to a 1-year healthy eating, physical activity/exercise intervention programme.
METHODS: 77 men, selected on the basis of increased waist circumference (≥90 cm) and dyslipidaemia (triglycerides ≥1.69 and/or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <1.03 mmol/litre), participated in this study. Body composition and fat distribution were assessed by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry or CT and sleep breathing disorders by home-based polygraphic recording. Cardiorespiratory fitness, plasma adipokines, plasma inflammatory markers, fasting lipoprotein-lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test were assessed.
RESULTS: After the 1-year lifestyle intervention, the mean oxygen desaturation index (ODI) of the whole sample decreased (-3±13 events/h, p<0.05). Men with sleep apnoea syndrome at baseline (ODI ≥10 events/h, n=28) showed smaller reductions in body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides and smaller increases in HDL cholesterol and adiponectin than men without sleep apnoea (ODI <10 events/h, n=49), despite similar compliance to the programme. The higher the baseline ODI and the time spent under 90% saturation, the lower the reductions in fat mass and visceral adiposity, and the smaller the improvement in glucose/insulin homeostasis indices after 1 year.
CONCLUSIONS: Men with sleep apnoea syndrome at baseline had smaller reduction in body weight and less metabolic improvements associated with the lifestyle intervention programme than men without sleep apnoea syndrome.