BACKGROUND: Allergy-related diseases are a public health issue, but knowledge on development and comorbidity among children is scarce. The aim was to study the development of eczema, asthma and rhinitis in relation to sex and parental allergy, in a population-based cohort, during childhood. METHODS: At 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 years, parental questionnaires were used to obtain data on allergy-related diseases. Complete data for all five follow-up occasions were available from 2916 children. Odds ratios for the risk of any allergy-related disease in relation to heredity and sex were calculated using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: At 12 years, 58% of the children had had eczema, asthma and/or rhinitis at some time. Disease turnover was high for all three diseases throughout the study. Comorbidity increased with age, and at 12 years, 7.5% of all the children were affected by at least two allergy-related diseases. Parental allergy was associated with increased comorbidity and more persistent disease and increased the risk of having any allergy-related disease (adjusted OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.57-1.97) up to 12 years. Male sex was associated with an increased risk throughout childhood. Boys and girls did not differ in disease persistence, and for comorbidity, the differences were minor. CONCLUSIONS: Allergy-related diseases may affect a majority of children. Eczema, asthma and rhinitis develop dynamically throughout childhood, and allergic comorbidity is common. These findings indicate that allergy-related diseases should be neither seen nor studied as isolated entities.
BACKGROUND:Allergy-related diseases are a public health issue, but knowledge on development and comorbidity among children is scarce. The aim was to study the development of eczema, asthma and rhinitis in relation to sex and parental allergy, in a population-based cohort, during childhood. METHODS: At 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 years, parental questionnaires were used to obtain data on allergy-related diseases. Complete data for all five follow-up occasions were available from 2916 children. Odds ratios for the risk of any allergy-related disease in relation to heredity and sex were calculated using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: At 12 years, 58% of the children had had eczema, asthma and/or rhinitis at some time. Disease turnover was high for all three diseases throughout the study. Comorbidity increased with age, and at 12 years, 7.5% of all the children were affected by at least two allergy-related diseases. Parental allergy was associated with increased comorbidity and more persistent disease and increased the risk of having any allergy-related disease (adjusted OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.57-1.97) up to 12 years. Male sex was associated with an increased risk throughout childhood. Boys and girls did not differ in disease persistence, and for comorbidity, the differences were minor. CONCLUSIONS:Allergy-related diseases may affect a majority of children. Eczema, asthma and rhinitis develop dynamically throughout childhood, and allergic comorbidity is common. These findings indicate that allergy-related diseases should be neither seen nor studied as isolated entities.
Authors: Sunna Thorsteinsdottir; Jakob Stokholm; Jacob P Thyssen; Sarah Nørgaard; Jonathan Thorsen; Bo L Chawes; Klaus Bønnelykke; Johannes Waage; Hans Bisgaard Journal: JAMA Dermatol Date: 2019-01-01 Impact factor: 10.282
Authors: N G Papadopoulos; H Arakawa; K-H Carlsen; A Custovic; J Gern; R Lemanske; P Le Souef; M Mäkelä; G Roberts; G Wong; H Zar; C A Akdis; L B Bacharier; E Baraldi; H P van Bever; J de Blic; A Boner; W Burks; T B Casale; J A Castro-Rodriguez; Y Z Chen; Y M El-Gamal; M L Everard; T Frischer; M Geller; J Gereda; D Y Goh; T W Guilbert; G Hedlin; P W Heymann; S J Hong; E M Hossny; J L Huang; D J Jackson; J C de Jongste; O Kalayci; N Aït-Khaled; S Kling; P Kuna; S Lau; D K Ledford; S I Lee; A H Liu; R F Lockey; K Lødrup-Carlsen; J Lötvall; A Morikawa; A Nieto; H Paramesh; R Pawankar; P Pohunek; J Pongracic; D Price; C Robertson; N Rosario; L J Rossenwasser; P D Sly; R Stein; S Stick; S Szefler; L M Taussig; E Valovirta; P Vichyanond; D Wallace; E Weinberg; G Wennergren; J Wildhaber; R S Zeiger Journal: Allergy Date: 2012-06-15 Impact factor: 13.146
Authors: H Zhang; A Kaushal; N Soto-Ramírez; A H Ziyab; S Ewart; J W Holloway; W Karmaus; H Arshad Journal: Clin Exp Allergy Date: 2018-02-27 Impact factor: 5.018
Authors: Elisabet Johansson; Jocelyn M Biagini Myers; Lisa J Martin; Hua He; Valentina Pilipenko; Tesfaye Mersha; Matthew Weirauch; Nathan Salomonis; Patrick Ryan; Grace K LeMasters; David I Bernstein; James Lockey; Gurjit K Khurana Hershey Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2017-02-24 Impact factor: 10.793
Authors: Jean Bousquet; James E Gern; Fernando D Martinez; Josep M Anto; Christine C Johnson; Patrick G Holt; Robert F Lemanske; Peter N Le Souëf; Robert S Tepper; Erika R M von Mutius; S Hasan Arshad; Leonard B Bacharier; Allan Becker; Kathleen Belanger; Anna Bergström; David I Bernstein; Michael D Cabana; Kecia N Carroll; Mario Castro; Philip J Cooper; Matthew W Gillman; Diane R Gold; John Henderson; Joachim Heinrich; Soo-Jong Hong; Daniel J Jackson; Thomas Keil; Anita L Kozyrskyj; Karin C Lødrup Carlsen; Rachel L Miller; Isabelle Momas; Wayne J Morgan; Patricia Noel; Dennis R Ownby; Mariona Pinart; Patrick H Ryan; Julie M Schwaninger; Malcolm R Sears; Angela Simpson; Henriette A Smit; Debra A Stern; Padmaja Subbarao; Rudolf Valenta; Xiaobin Wang; Scott T Weiss; Robert Wood; Anne L Wright; Rosalind J Wright; Alkis Togias; Peter J Gergen Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2014-03-15 Impact factor: 10.793
Authors: Ingebjørg Skrindo; Christian Lupinek; Rudolf Valenta; Vegard Hovland; Sandra Pahr; Alexandra Baar; Kai-Håkon Carlsen; Petter Mowinckel; Magnus Wickman; Erik Melen; Jean Bousquet; Josep M Anto; Karin C Lødrup Carlsen Journal: Pediatr Allergy Immunol Date: 2015-05 Impact factor: 6.377