Effects of inter-tube distance and alignment on tunnelling resistance and strain sensitivity of nanotube/polymer composite films.

A model for carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composite conductivity is developed, considering the effect of inter-tube tunnelling through the polymer. The statistical effects of inter-tube distance and alignment on the tunnelling are investigated through numerical modelling, to highlight their role in the conductance and piezoresistance of the composite film. The impact of critical parameters, including the concentration, alignment and aspect ratio of the CNTs and the tunnelling barrier height of the polymer is statistically evaluated using a large number of randomly generated CNT/polymer composite films. A numerical model is presented for the tunnelling resistance as a function of CNT concentration and polymer properties, which provides good agreement with the reported conductance in the literature. In particular, for a low concentration of CNTs close to the percolation threshold, we demonstrate how tunnelling dominates the conductance properties and leads to significant increase in the piezoresistance of the composite. This is important for gaining insight into the optimum concentration and alignment of the CNTs in the composite film for applications such as strain sensors, anisotropic conductive films, transparent electrodes and flexible electronics.