BACKGROUND: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in Taiwan. This study investigates the long-term survival and risks of TOF in an Asian cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study enrolled 819 consecutive patients with TOF (61.1% male), who received total correction between 1970 and 2002, as participants. Patient medical records were reviewed, and the survival status of those out of contact was confirmed by death records retrieved from the National Health database. The mean (±SD) patient age at cardiac repair was 6.5±7.6 years, and a prior shunt operation was performed in 119 (14.5%) of the patients. At cardiac repair, a transannular patch for right ventricle outlet reconstruction was required in 444 (54.2%) of the patients. After 13,808 patient-years of follow-up, the 30-year survival rate was 90.5%. The annual mortality rate increased from 0.123% in the initial 15 years after repair to 0.395% thereafter (P<0.05). The presence of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, older operative age, and previous shunt operation are independent risks of late cardiac deaths. Secondary to cardiac mortality, unnatural deaths (accident and suicide) accounted for 27.6% of late deaths, significantly higher compared with that of the general population (odds ratio, 2.18; P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: In this Asian TOF cohort, except for a late decrease after 15 years, long-term survival after cardiac repair was satisfactory. Although cardiac death was the most common cause of late death, accidents or suicide may also be associated with late mortality, suggesting a potential role for psychosocial support.
BACKGROUND: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in Taiwan. This study investigates the long-term survival and risks of TOF in an Asian cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study enrolled 819 consecutive patients with TOF (61.1% male), who received total correction between 1970 and 2002, as participants. Patient medical records were reviewed, and the survival status of those out of contact was confirmed by death records retrieved from the National Health database. The mean (±SD) patient age at cardiac repair was 6.5±7.6 years, and a prior shunt operation was performed in 119 (14.5%) of the patients. At cardiac repair, a transannular patch for right ventricle outlet reconstruction was required in 444 (54.2%) of the patients. After 13,808 patient-years of follow-up, the 30-year survival rate was 90.5%. The annual mortality rate increased from 0.123% in the initial 15 years after repair to 0.395% thereafter (P<0.05). The presence of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, older operative age, and previous shunt operation are independent risks of late cardiac deaths. Secondary to cardiac mortality, unnatural deaths (accident and suicide) accounted for 27.6% of late deaths, significantly higher compared with that of the general population (odds ratio, 2.18; P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: In this Asian TOF cohort, except for a late decrease after 15 years, long-term survival after cardiac repair was satisfactory. Although cardiac death was the most common cause of late death, accidents or suicide may also be associated with late mortality, suggesting a potential role for psychosocial support.
Authors: Logan G Spector; Jeremiah S Menk; Jessica H Knight; Courtney McCracken; Amanda S Thomas; Jeffrey M Vinocur; Matthew E Oster; James D St Louis; James H Moller; Lazaros Kochilas Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2018-05-29 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Clayton A Smith; Courtney McCracken; Amanda S Thomas; Logan G Spector; James D St Louis; Matthew E Oster; James H Moller; Lazaros Kochilas Journal: JAMA Cardiol Date: 2019-01-01 Impact factor: 14.676
Authors: James D St Louis; Courtney E McCracken; Elizabeth M Turk; Hayley S Hancock; Jeremiah S Menk; Brian A Harvey; Jeffrey M Vinocur; Matthew E Oster; James H Moller; Logan G Spector; Lazaros K Kochilas Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Date: 2017-08-25 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Dalin Tang; Chun Yang; Pedro J Del Nido; Heng Zuo; Rahul H Rathod; Xueying Huang; Vasu Gooty; Alexander Tang; Kristen L Billiar; Zheyang Wu; Tal Geva Journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Date: 2015-10-03 Impact factor: 5.209
Authors: Anne Marie Valente; Kimberlee Gauvreau; Gabriele Egidy Assenza; Sonya V Babu-Narayan; Jenna Schreier; Michael A Gatzoulis; Maarten Groenink; Ryo Inuzuka; Philip J Kilner; Zeliha Koyak; Michael J Landzberg; Barbara Mulder; Andrew J Powell; Rachel Wald; Tal Geva Journal: Heart Date: 2013-10-31 Impact factor: 5.994