PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve AVM specimens were obtained from patients who did not received preoperative embolization. MIF levels were measured by Western blot and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) levels were measured by reverse transcription PCR. The expression of MIF in brain AVMs was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry and was correlated with apoptosis and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and MMP9. RESULTS: The expression of MIF, MMP9, and cleaved caspase-3 was elevated in brain AVM vessels. High levels of MIF were primarily found in the endothelium and adventitia, whereas apoptotic cells were concentrated in the smooth muscle layer. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal apoptosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of brain AVM. In addition, increased MIF expression could play an important role regulating the homeostasis of AVM vessels.
PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in humanbrain arteriovenous malformations (AVM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve AVM specimens were obtained from patients who did not received preoperative embolization. MIF levels were measured by Western blot and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) levels were measured by reverse transcription PCR. The expression of MIF in brain AVMs was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry and was correlated with apoptosis and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and MMP9. RESULTS: The expression of MIF, MMP9, and cleaved caspase-3 was elevated in brain AVM vessels. High levels of MIF were primarily found in the endothelium and adventitia, whereas apoptotic cells were concentrated in the smooth muscle layer. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal apoptosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of brain AVM. In addition, increased MIF expression could play an important role regulating the homeostasis of AVM vessels.
Authors: Nikolaos Mouchtouris; Pascal M Jabbour; Robert M Starke; David M Hasan; Mario Zanaty; Thana Theofanis; Dale Ding; Stavropoula I Tjoumakaris; Aaron S Dumont; George M Ghobrial; David Kung; Robert H Rosenwasser; Nohra Chalouhi Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Date: 2014-11-19 Impact factor: 6.200
Authors: David M Hasan; Matthew Amans; Tarik Tihan; Christopher Hess; Yi Guo; Soonmee Cha; Hua Su; Alastair J Martin; Michael T Lawton; Edward A Neuwelt; David A Saloner; William L Young Journal: Transl Stroke Res Date: 2012-07 Impact factor: 6.829