PPAR-γ agonists, mainly 15d-PGJ(2), reduce eosinophil recruitment following allergen challenge.

We evaluate the immunomodulation of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists 15d-PGJ(2) and rosiglitazone (RGZ) in a model of chronic eosinophilia. 15d-PGJ(2) and RGZ significantly reduce eosinophil migration into the peritoneal cavity and down-regulate the eosinopoiesis. The synthesis of IL-5 was decreased after the treatment with 15d-PGJ(2) and RGZ corroborating with the eosinophil migration inhibition. However, IgE was decreased only after the administration of 15d-PGJ(2) in part due to B-cell inhibition. We also observed a decrease in the synthesis of IL-33, IL-17 and IL-23, suggesting that besides the modulation of Th2 pattern, there is a modulation via IL-23 and IL-17 suggesting a role of these cytokines in the eosinophil recruitment. In fact IL-17(-/-) mice failed to develop an eosinophilic response. Altogether, the results showed that PPAR-γ agonists mainly 15d-PGJ(2), have therapeutic efficacy in eosinophil-induced diseases with an alternative mechanism of control, via IL-23/IL-17 and IL-33.