INTRODUCTION: Both smoking and depression have been associated with increased inflammatory markers. As there are few studies on inflammatory markers that distinguish between depressed and nondepressed smokers, it is unclear if there is a cumulative impact of these mediators of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory markers in tobacco smokers and compare depressed and nondepressed smokers. METHODS: Smokers (n = 155) were recruited from the Cigarette Smoking Cessation Service, Londrina. Mental health status was assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Research, in accordance with the International Classification of the Disorders-10th (ICD-10). Demographic information was collected by self-report questionnaire, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was administered. Blood specimens were simultaneously collected and measured for C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). RESULTS: Depressed smokers had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP (p = .05), IL-6 (p = .039), and TNF-α (p = .021) compared with nondepressed smokers. Depressed smokers were also significantly more likely than nondepressed smokers to have been hospitalized in the previous month (p < .032), to suffer from cardiovascular disease (p < .001) and lung disease (p < .003), and to have more work-related disability (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that depressed smokers had higher hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels than nondepressed smokers and had worse physical health outcomes and greater work-related disability. This may have important implications in identifying shared risk pathways for depressive and somatic disorders.
INTRODUCTION: Both smoking and depression have been associated with increased inflammatory markers. As there are few studies on inflammatory markers that distinguish between depressed and nondepressed smokers, it is unclear if there is a cumulative impact of these mediators of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory markers in tobacco smokers and compare depressed and nondepressed smokers. METHODS: Smokers (n = 155) were recruited from the Cigarette Smoking Cessation Service, Londrina. Mental health status was assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Research, in accordance with the International Classification of the Disorders-10th (ICD-10). Demographic information was collected by self-report questionnaire, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was administered. Blood specimens were simultaneously collected and measured for C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumornecrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). RESULTS:Depressed smokers had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP (p = .05), IL-6 (p = .039), and TNF-α (p = .021) compared with nondepressed smokers. Depressed smokers were also significantly more likely than nondepressed smokers to have been hospitalized in the previous month (p < .032), to suffer from cardiovascular disease (p < .001) and lung disease (p < .003), and to have more work-related disability (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that depressed smokers had higher hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels than nondepressed smokers and had worse physical health outcomes and greater work-related disability. This may have important implications in identifying shared risk pathways for depressive and somatic disorders.
Authors: Allison J Carroll; Mark D Huffman; Lihui Zhao; David R Jacobs; Jesse C Stewart; Catarina I Kiefe; Kiang Liu; Brian Hitsman Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2019-05 Impact factor: 3.864
Authors: Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes; Márcia Regina Pizzo de Castro; Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe; Roberta Losi Guembarovski; Heber Odebrecht Vargas; Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche; Helena Kaminami Morimoto; Seetal Dodd; Michael Berk Journal: Psychiatr Genet Date: 2014-06 Impact factor: 2.458
Authors: Jerome Sarris; Adrienne O'Neil; Carolyn E Coulson; Isaac Schweitzer; Michael Berk Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2014-04-10 Impact factor: 3.630
Authors: Michael Berk; Lana J Williams; Felice N Jacka; Adrienne O'Neil; Julie A Pasco; Steven Moylan; Nicholas B Allen; Amanda L Stuart; Amie C Hayley; Michelle L Byrne; Michael Maes Journal: BMC Med Date: 2013-09-12 Impact factor: 8.775