Adult congenital surgery: current management.

The population of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) (commonly called grown-ups with congenital heart disease or GUCH) is increasing steadily and exceeds the population of children with CHD already. The specificities of GUCH surgery are multiple and include (1) variety of the anatomo-clinical situations (defects repaired during childhood, malformations either nonoperated or palliated, nonreparable defects), (2) usual multiorgan involvement, and (3) many technical differences related to cardiopulmonary bypass, myocardial protection, and surgical technique. The surgical indications should be taken after a precise evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio on an individual basis; a balanced attitude should be kept between unwise interventionism and excessive waiting policy. It is now agreed that GUCH surgery should be performed in specialized centers with large patient volumes and expertise of both surgical and medical disciplines. Much remains to be done to implement these recommendations and to accumulate experience and evidence-based information to provide optimal outcome.