Integrin-epigenetics: a system with imperative impact on cancer.

Integrin-associated signaling is a crucial signaling network in mammalian cells. Thousands of molecules are involved in this signaling network. For example, the RTK, Src-family kinase, Ras, Wnt-, Notch-, and Raft/caveolae-mediated signaling pathways are related to integrin signaling. Integrin signaling is also associated with direct involvement of lipid rafts. Tumor formation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and attachment to distant tissues are largely associated with integrin signaling. Recent evidence has indicated that integrin expression and its functions are tightly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms (modifications of DNA and histones). Aberrations in these epigenetic regulation patterns are frequently associated with the development of various diseases, including cancer. In this review, we discuss influences of integrin signaling along with their epigenetic relationship on other signals of a normal functioning cell and its dysregulation in cancer.