BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the possible effects of reproductive factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in Asian women. METHODS: A cohort of 267,400 female textile workers in Shanghai, China, was administered a questionnaire at enrolment (1989-91) and followed for mortality through 2000. Relative risks (hazard ratios) for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke were calculated using Cox proportional hazards modelling, adjusting for relevant co-variates. RESULTS: Risks were not consistently associated with age at menopause, parity, stillbirths, miscarriages or duration of lactation. An increasing trend in IHD mortality risk, but not stroke, was observed with decreasing age at menarche. There was no evidence of increased CVD mortality risk by oral or injectable contraceptive use or induced abortions. As expected, greater mortality rates from CVD and increased CVD risks were also observed with smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Use of steroid contraceptives, induced abortions and reduced parity from China's one-child-per-family policy has not had an adverse effect on risk of CVD mortality in this cohort.
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the possible effects of reproductive factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in Asian women. METHODS: A cohort of 267,400 female textile workers in Shanghai, China, was administered a questionnaire at enrolment (1989-91) and followed for mortality through 2000. Relative risks (hazard ratios) for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke were calculated using Cox proportional hazards modelling, adjusting for relevant co-variates. RESULTS: Risks were not consistently associated with age at menopause, parity, stillbirths, miscarriages or duration of lactation. An increasing trend in IHD mortality risk, but not stroke, was observed with decreasing age at menarche. There was no evidence of increased CVD mortality risk by oral or injectable contraceptive use or induced abortions. As expected, greater mortality rates from CVD and increased CVD risks were also observed with smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Use of steroid contraceptives, induced abortions and reduced parity from China's one-child-per-family policy has not had an adverse effect on risk of CVD mortality in this cohort.
Authors: Debbie A Lawlor; Jonathan R Emberson; Shah Ebrahim; Peter H Whincup; S Goya Wannamethee; Mary Walker; George Davey Smith Journal: Circulation Date: 2003-03-11 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Wee-Shian Chan; Joel Ray; Eugene K Wai; Shiphra Ginsburg; Shiphira Ginsburg; Mary E Hannah; Paul N Corey; Jeffrey S Ginsberg Journal: Arch Intern Med Date: 2004-04-12
Authors: David B Thomas; Dao Li Gao; Roberta M Ray; Wen Wan Wang; Charlene J Allison; Fan Liang Chen; Peggy Porter; Yong Wei Hu; Guan Lin Zhao; Lei Da Pan; Wenjin Li; Chunyuan Wu; Zakia Coriaty; Ilonka Evans; Ming Gang Lin; Helge Stalsberg; Steven G Self Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2002-10-02 Impact factor: 13.506
Authors: Donna R Parker; Bing Lu; Megan Sands-Lincoln; Candyce H Kroenke; Cathy C Lee; Mary O'Sullivan; Hannah L Park; Nisha Parikh; Robert S Schenken; Charles B Eaton Journal: Ann Fam Med Date: 2014-07 Impact factor: 5.166
Authors: Noel T Mueller; Andrew O Odegaard; Myron D Gross; Woon Puay Koh; Jian-Min Yuan; Mark A Pereira Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2012-08-31 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Lena Tschiderer; Lisa Seekircher; Setor K Kunutsor; Sanne A E Peters; Linda M O'Keeffe; Peter Willeit Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2022-01-11 Impact factor: 6.106
Authors: Sanne Ae Peters; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Angela M Wood; Michael J Sweeting; Karel Gm Moons; Elisabete Weiderpass; Larraitz Arriola; Vassiliki Benetou; Heiner Boeing; Fabrice Bonnet; Salma T Butt; Françoise Clavel-Chapelon; Isabel Drake; Diana Gavrila; Timothy J Key; Eleni Klinaki; Vittorio Krogh; Tilman Kühn; Camille Lassale; Giovanna Masala; Giuseppe Matullo; Melissa Merritt; Elena Molina-Portillo; Conchi Moreno-Iribas; Therese H Nøst; Anja Olsen; N Charlotte Onland-Moret; Kim Overvad; Salvatore Panico; M Luisa Redondo; Anne Tjønneland; Antonia Trichopoulou; Rosario Tumino; Renée Turzanski-Fortner; Ioanna Tzoulaki; Patrik Wennberg; Anna Winkvist; Simon G Thompson; Emanuele Di Angelantonio; Elio Riboli; Nicholas J Wareham; John Danesh; Adam S Butterworth Journal: Eur J Prev Cardiol Date: 2016-07-04 Impact factor: 7.804
Authors: Tone Natland Fagerhaug; Siri Forsmo; Geir Wenberg Jacobsen; Kristian Midthjell; Lene Frost Andersen; Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2013-11-13 Impact factor: 3.295