PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A key factor driving AIDS-associated immunopathogenesis is chronic immune activation. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of African natural host species leads to high viremia, but low immune activation and absence of disease. Considerable progress in our understanding of pathological immune activation has come from comparative studies of SIV infection in pathogenic Asian macaque species and natural hosts. The focus of this review is to highlight recent work on the natural host model using high-throughput genomics. RECENT FINDINGS: Several groups have independently conducted microarray gene expression profiling comparing in-vivo SIV infection in natural and non-natural hosts. A consistent finding between these studies is that both pathogenic SIV infection of macaques and nonpathogenic infections of natural hosts have strong induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) early on, but a key difference was that natural hosts down-modulated the interferon response rapidly after acute infection. The development of new genome-based resources for further study of the natural host model is discussed. SUMMARY: Initial efforts using high-throughput biology to study SIV infection of natural hosts have effectively identified the ability of natural hosts to resolve interferon responses and immune activation. Further application of 'omic-based technologies coupled with integrative systems-based analysis should continue to yield progress.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A key factor driving AIDS-associated immunopathogenesis is chronic immune activation. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of African natural host species leads to high viremia, but low immune activation and absence of disease. Considerable progress in our understanding of pathological immune activation has come from comparative studies of SIV infection in pathogenic Asian macaque species and natural hosts. The focus of this review is to highlight recent work on the natural host model using high-throughput genomics. RECENT FINDINGS: Several groups have independently conducted microarray gene expression profiling comparing in-vivo SIV infection in natural and non-natural hosts. A consistent finding between these studies is that both pathogenic SIV infection of macaques and nonpathogenic infections of natural hosts have strong induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) early on, but a key difference was that natural hosts down-modulated the interferon response rapidly after acute infection. The development of new genome-based resources for further study of the natural host model is discussed. SUMMARY: Initial efforts using high-throughput biology to study SIV infection of natural hosts have effectively identified the ability of natural hosts to resolve interferon responses and immune activation. Further application of 'omic-based technologies coupled with integrative systems-based analysis should continue to yield progress.
Authors: Guido Silvestri; Donald L Sodora; Richard A Koup; Mirko Paiardini; Shawn P O'Neil; Harold M McClure; Silvija I Staprans; Mark B Feinberg Journal: Immunity Date: 2003-03 Impact factor: 31.745
Authors: J Estaquier; T Idziorek; F de Bels; F Barré-Sinoussi; B Hurtrel; A M Aubertin; A Venet; M Mehtali; E Muchmore; P Michel; Y Mouton; M Girard; J C Ameisen Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 1994-09-27 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Eng-Juh Yeoh; Mary E Ross; Sheila A Shurtleff; W Kent Williams; Divyen Patel; Rami Mahfouz; Fred G Behm; Susana C Raimondi; Mary V Relling; Anami Patel; Cheng Cheng; Dario Campana; Dawn Wilkins; Xiaodong Zhou; Jinyan Li; Huiqing Liu; Ching-Hon Pui; William E Evans; Clayton Naeve; Limsoon Wong; James R Downing Journal: Cancer Cell Date: 2002-03 Impact factor: 31.743
Authors: Helder I Nakaya; Jens Wrammert; Eva K Lee; Luigi Racioppi; Stephanie Marie-Kunze; W Nicholas Haining; Anthony R Means; Sudhir P Kasturi; Nooruddin Khan; Gui-Mei Li; Megan McCausland; Vibhu Kanchan; Kenneth E Kokko; Shuzhao Li; Rivka Elbein; Aneesh K Mehta; Alan Aderem; Kanta Subbarao; Rafi Ahmed; Bali Pulendran Journal: Nat Immunol Date: 2011-07-10 Impact factor: 25.606
Authors: Anna J Jasinska; Christopher A Schmitt; Susan K Service; Rita M Cantor; Ken Dewar; James D Jentsch; Jay R Kaplan; Trudy R Turner; Wesley C Warren; George M Weinstock; Roger P Woods; Nelson B Freimer Journal: ILAR J Date: 2013
Authors: Will Fischer; Cristian Apetrei; Mario L Santiago; Yingying Li; Rajeev Gautam; Ivona Pandrea; George M Shaw; Beatrice H Hahn; Norman L Letvin; Gary J Nabel; Bette T Korber Journal: J Virol Date: 2012-10-10 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Matthew W Breed; Andrea P O Jordan; Pyone P Aye; Cornelis F Lichtveld; Cecily C Midkiff; Faith R Schiro; Beth S Haggarty; Chie Sugimoto; Xavier Alvarez; Netanya G Sandler; Daniel C Douek; Marcelo J Kuroda; Bapi Pahar; Michael Piatak; Jeffrey D Lifson; Brandon F Keele; James A Hoxie; Andrew A Lackner Journal: J Virol Date: 2012-11-14 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Annelie Tjernlund; Adam Burgener; Jessica M Lindvall; Tao Peng; Jia Zhu; Lars Öhrmalm; Louis J Picker; Kristina Broliden; M Juliana McElrath; Lawrence Corey Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-03-17 Impact factor: 3.240