BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diffusion is caused by random translational molecular motion, also known as Brownian water motion. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is the only imaging method that can be used to evaluate the diffusion process in vivo. The aim of this study is to evaluate 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) DWI with phased-array coil and the array spatial sensitivity encoding technique (ASSET) of diagnosis potency in the discrimination of pulmonary solid benign lesions and malignant tumors. This study also aims to optimize b value. METHODS: One hundred and sixteen patients with 120 lesions confirmed by pathology and clinical diagnosis underwent T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), T1 weighted imaging, T2WI fat suppression, and DWI (diffusion factors of 200 s/mm², 500 s/mm², 800 s/mm², 1,000 s/mm²) examinations by ASSET with 3.0T MR. The signal intensity of DWI images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lesions were measured. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and ADC were compared among different b values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed and the b values were optimized. RESULTS: Both the SNR and CNR significantly differed among varied b values (P<0.001, P=0.002). The ADC values of pulmonary solid benign lesions and malignant tumors were gradually reduced with increasing b value, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001, P<0.001). ROC analysis shows that the area under curve (AUC) values were 0.831, 0.876, 0.813, 0.785 (b=200 s/mm², 500 s/mm², 800 s/mm², 1,000 s/mm², respectively). The AUC with a b value of 500 s/mm² was the largest. The optimal threshold of ADC was 1.473×10⁻³ mm²/s, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSION: 3.0T MR DWI with phased-array coil and ASSET has moderate diagnosis potency in differentiating pulmonary solid benign lesions and malignant tumors. The optimal b value is 500 s/mm².
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diffusion is caused by random translational molecular motion, also known as Brownian water motion. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is the only imaging method that can be used to evaluate the diffusion process in vivo. The aim of this study is to evaluate 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) DWI with phased-array coil and the array spatial sensitivity encoding technique (ASSET) of diagnosis potency in the discrimination of pulmonary solid benign lesions and malignant tumors. This study also aims to optimize b value. METHODS: One hundred and sixteen patients with 120 lesions confirmed by pathology and clinical diagnosis underwent T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), T1 weighted imaging, T2WI fat suppression, and DWI (diffusion factors of 200 s/mm², 500 s/mm², 800 s/mm², 1,000 s/mm²) examinations by ASSET with 3.0T MR. The signal intensity of DWI images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lesions were measured. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and ADC were compared among different b values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed and the b values were optimized. RESULTS: Both the SNR and CNR significantly differed among varied b values (P<0.001, P=0.002). The ADC values of pulmonary solid benign lesions and malignant tumors were gradually reduced with increasing b value, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001, P<0.001). ROC analysis shows that the area under curve (AUC) values were 0.831, 0.876, 0.813, 0.785 (b=200 s/mm², 500 s/mm², 800 s/mm², 1,000 s/mm², respectively). The AUC with a b value of 500 s/mm² was the largest. The optimal threshold of ADC was 1.473×10⁻³ mm²/s, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSION: 3.0T MR DWI with phased-array coil and ASSET has moderate diagnosis potency in differentiating pulmonary solid benign lesions and malignant tumors. The optimal b value is 500 s/mm².
112例病例经病理(手术、支气管镜活检或穿刺活检)证实,4例经临床资料证实(均为良性,3例抗炎后消失,1例结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative, PPD)试验强阳性并经抗结核治疗好转)。恶性病变组共96例,100个病灶,其中肺癌93例(鳞癌31例,腺癌31例,细支气管肺泡癌5例,小细胞癌19例,腺鳞癌2例,肉瘤样癌1例,肉瘤1例,低分化癌2例,大细胞癌1例),转移瘤4例,7个瘤灶(结肠癌肺转移2例,5个病灶,小腿恶性神经鞘膜瘤单发肺转移1例,肺癌伴同侧肺单发转移瘤1例,该例也计入上述肺癌病例); 良性病变组共20例,20个病灶,其中化脓性炎性肿块4例,结核球4例,结节病4例,错构瘤2例,硬化性血管瘤2例,机化性肺炎、炎性假瘤、神经鞘瘤、神经纤维瘤各1例。
SNR: signal-to-noise ratio; CNR: contrast-to-noise ratio. The SNR differed significantly between any two b values but between 800 s/mm2 and 1, 000 s/mm2 (P > 0.05); The CNR differed significantly between any two b values but between 200 s/mm2 and 500 s/mm2, 200 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2, and 800 s/mm2 and 1, 000 s/mm2 (P > 0.05).
DWI of the pulmonary lesion with different b values and T2WI fat-suppression. DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging; T2WI: T2 weighted imaging. A-D: b values were 200 s/mm2 (A), 500 s/mm2 (B), 800 s/mm2 (C), and 1, 000 s/mm2 (D) respectively. As b value increased, the SNR of the lesion descended (arrow); E: T2WI fat-suppression showed an irregular hyperintense mass in the right inferior lobe (poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma histologically confirmed) (arrow).
DWI of the pulmonary lesion with different b values and T2WI fat-suppression. A-D: b values were 200 s/mm2 (A), 500 s/mm2 (B), 800 s/mm2 (C), and 1, 000 s/mm2 (D) respectively. As b value increased, the SNR of the lesion descended (arrow); E: T2WI fat-suppression showed an irregular hyperintense mass in the right inferior lobe (organized pneumonia histologically confirmed) (arrow).
不同b值组间SNR、CNRSNR and CNR with different b values不同b值组肺内病变DWI图和T2WI脂肪抑制图。DWI:磁共振扩散加权成像; T2WI:T2加权成像。A-D:b值分别为200 s/mm2、500 s/mm2、800 s/mm2、1, 000 s/mm2时病变DWI图。随b值升高,病变SNR逐渐降低; E:T2WI脂肪抑制图,右下叶不规则肿块,呈高信号(病理诊断为低分化鳞癌)。DWI of the pulmonary lesion with different b values and T2WI fat-suppression. DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging; T2WI: T2 weighted imaging. A-D: b values were 200 s/mm2 (A), 500 s/mm2 (B), 800 s/mm2 (C), and 1, 000 s/mm2 (D) respectively. As b value increased, the SNR of the lesion descended (arrow); E: T2WI fat-suppression showed an irregular hyperintense mass in the right inferior lobe (poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma histologically confirmed) (arrow).不同b值组肺内病变DWI图和T2WI脂肪抑制图。A-D:b值分别为200 s/mm2、500 s/mm2、800 s/mm2、1, 000 s/mm2时病变DWI图。随b值升高,病变SNR逐渐降低; E:T2WI脂肪抑制图,右下叶胸膜下不规则肿块,呈高信号(病理诊断为机化性肺炎)。DWI of the pulmonary lesion with different b values and T2WI fat-suppression. A-D: b values were 200 s/mm2 (A), 500 s/mm2 (B), 800 s/mm2 (C), and 1, 000 s/mm2 (D) respectively. As b value increased, the SNR of the lesion descended (arrow); E: T2WI fat-suppression showed an irregular hyperintense mass in the right inferior lobe (organized pneumonia histologically confirmed) (arrow).
不同b值组病变ADC值比较
不同b值组良恶性病变ADC值比较见表 2。良性和恶性组ADC值均随b值增加逐渐变小,且差异均有统计学意义(F=9.389, P < 0.001; F=44.384, P < 0.001)。两两组间比较分别显示良性和恶性组b值为500 s/mm2与800 s/mm2、800 s/mm2与1, 000 s/mm2间ADC均无统计学差异,余两组之间均有统计学差异。
2
不同b值组间良性和恶性病变ADC值(×10-3 mm2/s)
ADC with different b values of benign lesions and malignant tumors (×10-3 mm2/s)
b values (s/mm2)
Benign lesions (n=20)
Malignant tumors (n=100)
The ADC of benign lesions differed significantly between any two b values but between 500 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2, 800 s/mm2 and 1, 000 s/mm2 (P > 0.05); The ADC of malignant tumors differed significantly between any two b values but between 500 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2, 800 s/mm2 and 1, 000 s/mm2 (P > 0.05).
200
2.119±0.428
1.557±0.423
500
1.816±0.425
1.236±0.272
800
1.612±0.420
1.186±0.229
1, 000
1.454±0.403
1.109±0.210
不同b值组间良性和恶性病变ADC值(×10-3 mm2/s)ADC with different b values of benign lesions and malignant tumors (×10-3 mm2/s)经ROC分析,4个不同b值组的ROC曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)分别为0.831、0.876、0.813、0.785,均有诊断意义,AUC > 0.5可作为良恶性病变鉴别诊断的有效指标,且b=500 s/mm2时获得的ADC值的诊断效能最大(图 3),此时ADC值鉴别良恶性病变的最佳阈值为1.473×10-3 mm2/s,其敏感度和特异度分别为80%和84%。
3
不同b值组表观扩散系数值的受试者操作特征曲线分析
Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curves of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value with different b values for differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions
不同b值组表观扩散系数值的受试者操作特征曲线分析Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curves of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value with different b values for differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions
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