BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is inversely associated with cigarette smoking, but its relation with passive smoking or environmental tobacco smoke exposure is rarely examined. METHODS: Within a case-control study, we assessed the association between Parkinson's disease and living or working with active smokers. Cases were newly diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (n = 154) from western Washington State in 2002-2008. Age- and sex-matched controls (n = 173) were neurologically normal and unrelated to cases. RESULTS: Compared with never active or passive tobacco smokers, we observed reduced Parkinson's disease risks for ever passive only smokers (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.73), similar to those for ever active smokers (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17-0.73). Among persons whose only tobacco smoke exposure was passive smoking at home, risk was inversely associated with years exposed. CONCLUSIONS: These observations parallel those well established for active smoking. However, it remains unresolved whether a true protective effect of tobacco smoke, generally detrimental to health, underlies these associations.
BACKGROUND:Parkinson's disease is inversely associated with cigarette smoking, but its relation with passive smoking or environmental tobacco smoke exposure is rarely examined. METHODS: Within a case-control study, we assessed the association between Parkinson's disease and living or working with active smokers. Cases were newly diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (n = 154) from western Washington State in 2002-2008. Age- and sex-matched controls (n = 173) were neurologically normal and unrelated to cases. RESULTS: Compared with never active or passive tobacco smokers, we observed reduced Parkinson's disease risks for ever passive only smokers (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.73), similar to those for ever active smokers (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17-0.73). Among persons whose only tobacco smoke exposure was passive smoking at home, risk was inversely associated with years exposed. CONCLUSIONS: These observations parallel those well established for active smoking. However, it remains unresolved whether a true protective effect of tobacco smoke, generally detrimental to health, underlies these associations.
Authors: K Tanaka; Yoshihiro Miyake; W Fukushima; S Sasaki; C Kiyohara; Y Tsuboi; T Yamada; T Oeda; T Miki; N Kawamura; N Sakae; H Fukuyama; Y Hirota; M Nagai Journal: Acta Neurol Scand Date: 2010-12 Impact factor: 3.209
Authors: N E Bharucha; L Stokes; B S Schoenberg; C Ward; S Ince; J G Nutt; R Eldridge; D B Calne; N Mantel; R Duvoisin Journal: Neurology Date: 1986-02 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: E L Thacker; E J O'Reilly; M G Weisskopf; H Chen; M A Schwarzschild; M L McCullough; E E Calle; M J Thun; A Ascherio Journal: Neurology Date: 2007-03-06 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Susan Searles Nielsen; Harvey Checkoway; Rondi A Butler; Heather H Nelson; Federico M Farin; W T Longstreth; Gary M Franklin; Phillip D Swanson; Karl T Kelsey Journal: J Parkinsons Dis Date: 2012 Impact factor: 5.568
Authors: Susan Searles Nielsen; Gary M Franklin; W T Longstreth; Phillip D Swanson; Harvey Checkoway Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2013-05-09 Impact factor: 10.422