[Medical and Economic Aspects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy].

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the method of choice for most renal and ureteral calculi. However, endoscopic procedures such as ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy are being more and more performed as primary treatment alternatives in clinical routine. This development may result from the sometimes unsatisfying results of ESWL. While this is often explained by a lower efficacy of last-generation machines, an often unrecognized explanation is the impact of a less well trained urologist. To achieve best results it is mandatory that fundamental knowledge about shock wave physics and disintegration mechanisms are available. In Germany, the reimbursement system between outpatient and inpatient departments is totally separate. This leads to difficulties in clinical practice. We believe that patients at risk for complications, such as ureteral stones, urinary tract infections or high age, benefit from inpatient treatment, while uncomplicated renal stones can safely be treated on an outpatient basis. Regular application and training of ESWL will aid an optimization of its results and acceptance. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart ˙ New York.