OBJECT: To compare the differences in diffusion properties--namely fractional anisotropy (FA), three eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor (λ1, λ2, and λ3), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)--between athletically-trained and untrained lower leg musculature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve athletes (Group A) and 11 non-athletes (Group B) were recruited. All were females in their 20s. We scanned diffusion tensor images of both calves and compared FA, the three eigenvalues, and ADC in the gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus (SOL), and anterior tibialis muscles between Groups A and B, and between the right and left sides, using two-factor fractional ANOVA. RESULTS: In all muscles of bilateral calves, all three eigenvalues and ADC were lower in Group A than in Group B, with statistically significant differences in all muscles for λ1, λ2, and λ3 and ADC, with a P value of <0.01. Moreover, statistical differences were also found between right and left for λ1, λ2, and λ3 (P < 0.05), and ADC (P < 0.01) of the SOL muscle. FA showed no statistically significant differences in any muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that training causes a decrease of the three eigenvalues and ADC, which we hypothesize is due to an increase of density of myofilaments in the intracellular space, and deformation of the cell induced by enlargement of extracellular components.
OBJECT: To compare the differences in diffusion properties--namely fractional anisotropy (FA), three eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor (λ1, λ2, and λ3), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)--between athletically-trained and untrained lower leg musculature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve athletes (Group A) and 11 non-athletes (Group B) were recruited. All were females in their 20s. We scanned diffusion tensor images of both calves and compared FA, the three eigenvalues, and ADC in the gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus (SOL), and anterior tibialis muscles between Groups A and B, and between the right and left sides, using two-factor fractional ANOVA. RESULTS: In all muscles of bilateral calves, all three eigenvalues and ADC were lower in Group A than in Group B, with statistically significant differences in all muscles for λ1, λ2, and λ3 and ADC, with a P value of <0.01. Moreover, statistical differences were also found between right and left for λ1, λ2, and λ3 (P < 0.05), and ADC (P < 0.01) of the SOL muscle. FA showed no statistically significant differences in any muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that training causes a decrease of the three eigenvalues and ADC, which we hypothesize is due to an increase of density of myofilaments in the intracellular space, and deformation of the cell induced by enlargement of extracellular components.
Authors: Eric E Sigmund; Dabang Sui; Obehi Ukpebor; Steven Baete; Els Fieremans; James S Babb; Michael Mechlin; Kecheng Liu; Jane Kwon; KellyAnne McGorty; Philip A Hodnett; Jenny Bencardino Journal: J Magn Reson Imaging Date: 2013-02-25 Impact factor: 4.813
Authors: M T Hooijmans; B M Damon; M Froeling; M J Versluis; J Burakiewicz; J J G M Verschuuren; E H Niks; A G Webb; H E Kan Journal: NMR Biomed Date: 2015-10-09 Impact factor: 4.044
Authors: Matthew Farrow; Andrew J Grainger; Ai Lyn Tan; Maya H Buch; Paul Emery; John P Ridgway; Thorsten Feiweier; Steven F Tanner; John Biglands Journal: Br J Radiol Date: 2019-07-12 Impact factor: 3.039
Authors: Gustav J Strijkers; Ericky C A Araujo; Noura Azzabou; David Bendahan; Andrew Blamire; Jedrek Burakiewicz; Pierre G Carlier; Bruce Damon; Xeni Deligianni; Martijn Froeling; Arend Heerschap; Kieren G Hollingsworth; Melissa T Hooijmans; Dimitrios C Karampinos; George Loudos; Guillaume Madelin; Benjamin Marty; Armin M Nagel; Aart J Nederveen; Jules L Nelissen; Francesco Santini; Olivier Scheidegger; Fritz Schick; Christopher Sinclair; Ralph Sinkus; Paulo L de Sousa; Volker Straub; Glenn Walter; Hermien E Kan Journal: J Neuromuscul Dis Date: 2019
Authors: Elisabeth Klupp; Barbara Cervantes; Sarah Schlaeger; Stephanie Inhuber; Florian Kreuzpointer; Ansgar Schwirtz; Alexander Rohrmeier; Michael Dieckmeyer; Dennis M Hedderich; Maximilian N Diefenbach; Friedemann Freitag; Ernst J Rummeny; Claus Zimmer; Jan S Kirschke; Dimitrios C Karampinos; Thomas Baum Journal: J Magn Reson Imaging Date: 2019-02-05 Impact factor: 4.813