Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of A-, B-, C- and E-class MADS-box genes in the basal eudicot Platanus acerifolia.

London plane tree (Platanus acerifolia Willd.) is an important member of the Platanaceae family, being popular as an urban landscaping tree. Here, we report the isolation of five MADS-box genes from the basal angiosperm, Platanus acerifolia. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses identified FRUITFUL-like, APETELA3-like, AGAMOUS-like, SEPALLATA1-like and SEPALLATA3-like sequences and, hence, we term the respective Platanus acerifolia genes as PlacFUL, PlacAP3, PlacAG, PlacSEP1 and PlacSEP3. From these identities we infer that they represent candidate A-, B-, C-class and two E-class genes, respectively. The conserved MIK or MIKC domains from the nucleotide and protein sequences of PlacFUL, PlacAP3, PlacAG, PlacSEP1 and PlacSEP3 were analyzed using the maximum-likelihood, MrBayes and neighbor-joining methods. The results confirmed P. acerifolia as a basal eudicot. Expression pattern was determined by reverse transcriptase PCR, which showed all paralogous genes have distinct expression patterns, suggesting that they had undergone functional divergence.