OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and depression in a large database of patients from the Cooper Clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 12,594 participants seen at the Cooper Clinic from November 27, 2006, to October 4, 2010. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was analyzed, and depression was defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of 10 or more. Those with and those without a history of depression represented 2 distinct populations with respect to CES-D scores; accordingly, they were analyzed separately. RESULTS: In the total sample, higher vitamin D levels were associated with a significantly decreased risk [odds ratio, 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.97)] of current depression based on CES-D scores. The finding was stronger in those with a prior history of depression [odds ratio, 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.98)] and not significant in those without a history of depression [odds ratio, 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.02)]. CONCLUSION: We found that low vitamin D levels are associated with depressive symptoms, especially in persons with a history of depression. These findings suggest that primary care patients with a history of depression may be an important target for assessment of vitamin D levels.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and depression in a large database of patients from the Cooper Clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 12,594 participants seen at the Cooper Clinic from November 27, 2006, to October 4, 2010. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was analyzed, and depression was defined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of 10 or more. Those with and those without a history of depression represented 2 distinct populations with respect to CES-D scores; accordingly, they were analyzed separately. RESULTS: In the total sample, higher vitamin D levels were associated with a significantly decreased risk [odds ratio, 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.97)] of current depression based on CES-D scores. The finding was stronger in those with a prior history of depression [odds ratio, 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.98)] and not significant in those without a history of depression [odds ratio, 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.02)]. CONCLUSION: We found that low vitamin D levels are associated with depressive symptoms, especially in persons with a history of depression. These findings suggest that primary care patients with a history of depression may be an important target for assessment of vitamin D levels.
Authors: Evelyn Bromet; Laura Helena Andrade; Irving Hwang; Nancy A Sampson; Jordi Alonso; Giovanni de Girolamo; Ron de Graaf; Koen Demyttenaere; Chiyi Hu; Noboru Iwata; Aimee N Karam; Jagdish Kaur; Stanislav Kostyuchenko; Jean-Pierre Lépine; Daphna Levinson; Herbert Matschinger; Maria Elena Medina Mora; Mark Oakley Browne; Jose Posada-Villa; Maria Carmen Viana; David R Williams; Ronald C Kessler Journal: BMC Med Date: 2011-07-26 Impact factor: 8.775
Authors: L L N Husemoen; J F Ebstrup; E L Mortensen; P Schwarz; T Skaaby; B H Thuesen; T Jørgensen; A Linneberg Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2015-08-12 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Erin S LeBlanc; Haley Hedlin; FeiFei Qin; Manisha Desai; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Nancy Perrin; JoAnn E Manson; Karen C Johnson; Kamal Masaki; Frances A Tylavsky; Marcia L Stefanick Journal: Maturitas Date: 2015-06-01 Impact factor: 4.342