Liang Hong1, Steven M Levy, John J Warren, Barbara Broffitt. 1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Amoxicillin use has been reported to be associated with developmental defects on enamel surfaces. This analysis assessed the association between amoxicillin use and fluorosis on late-erupting permanent teeth. METHODS: As part of the Iowa Fluoride Study, subjects were followed from birth to 32 months with questionnaires every 3-4 months to gather information on fluoride intake and amoxicillin use (n = 357 subjects for this analysis). Permanent tooth fluorosis on late-erupting zones was assessed by three trained dentists using the fluorosis risk index (FRI) at approximately age 13. A case was defined as fluorosis if a subject had at least two FRI classification II zone scores of 2 or 3. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used, and relative risks (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. RESULTS: There were 113 cases and 244 controls. In bivariate analyses, amoxicillin use from 20 to 24 months significantly increased the risk of fluorosis on FRI classification II zones [44.2 percent versus 30.4 percent, [RR = 1.45, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.04], but other individual time periods did not. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed the increased risk of fluorosis for amoxicillin use from 20 to 24 months (OR = 2.92, 95 percent CI = 1.34-6.40), after controlling for otitis media, breast-feeding, and fluoride intake. CONCLUSIONS: Amoxicillin use during early childhood could be a risk factor in the etiology of fluorosis on late-erupting permanent tooth zones, but further research is needed.
OBJECTIVES:Amoxicillin use has been reported to be associated with developmental defects on enamel surfaces. This analysis assessed the association between amoxicillin use and fluorosis on late-erupting permanent teeth. METHODS: As part of the Iowa Fluoride Study, subjects were followed from birth to 32 months with questionnaires every 3-4 months to gather information on fluoride intake and amoxicillin use (n = 357 subjects for this analysis). Permanent tooth fluorosis on late-erupting zones was assessed by three trained dentists using the fluorosis risk index (FRI) at approximately age 13. A case was defined as fluorosis if a subject had at least two FRI classification II zone scores of 2 or 3. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used, and relative risks (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. RESULTS: There were 113 cases and 244 controls. In bivariate analyses, amoxicillin use from 20 to 24 months significantly increased the risk of fluorosis on FRI classification II zones [44.2 percent versus 30.4 percent, [RR = 1.45, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.04], but other individual time periods did not. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed the increased risk of fluorosis for amoxicillin use from 20 to 24 months (OR = 2.92, 95 percent CI = 1.34-6.40), after controlling for otitis media, breast-feeding, and fluoride intake. CONCLUSIONS:Amoxicillin use during early childhood could be a risk factor in the etiology of fluorosis on late-erupting permanent tooth zones, but further research is needed.
Authors: H Satoh; Y Uesugi; T Kawabata; K Mori; F Fujii; Y Kashimoto; T Kajimura; K Furuhama Journal: Toxicol Pathol Date: 2001 May-Jun Impact factor: 1.902
Authors: Steven M Levy; Barbara Broffitt; Teresa A Marshall; Julie M Eichenberger-Gilmore; John J Warren Journal: J Am Dent Assoc Date: 2010-10 Impact factor: 3.634