Steven M Levy1, John J Warren, Barbara Broffitt. 1. Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, N330 DSB, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. steven-levy@uiowa.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This paper reports on estimated daily fluoride intake from water by itself, beverages, selected foods, dentifrice, and dietary supplements, both individually and combined (mg and mg F/kg bw), among 785 children in the Iowa Fluoride Study from 36 to 72 months of age. METHODS: Children were recruited in 1992-95, with questionnaires sent at four- to six-month intervals. Dietary fluoride intake estimates used community and individual water fluoride levels and average fluoride levels of beverages and foods prepared with water. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLM) assessed levels and associations with demographic factors. RESULTS: There was substantial variation in fluoride intake, with some individuals' intakes greatly exceeding the means. Daily water fluoride intake estimates (in mg) increased with age, fluoride intake from other beverages and dentifrice both decreased slightly, and combined intake was quite consistent. For combined intake per unit body weight (mg F/kg bw), there was a steady decline with age. Therefore, the percentages with estimated intake exceeding possible thresholds for dental fluorosis also declined with age. CONCLUSIONS: Daily mean fluoride intakes from single and combined sources are relatively stable from 36-72 months of age among these children.
OBJECTIVES: This paper reports on estimated daily fluoride intake from water by itself, beverages, selected foods, dentifrice, and dietary supplements, both individually and combined (mg and mg F/kg bw), among 785 children in the Iowa Fluoride Study from 36 to 72 months of age. METHODS:Children were recruited in 1992-95, with questionnaires sent at four- to six-month intervals. Dietary fluoride intake estimates used community and individual water fluoride levels and average fluoride levels of beverages and foods prepared with water. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLM) assessed levels and associations with demographic factors. RESULTS: There was substantial variation in fluoride intake, with some individuals' intakes greatly exceeding the means. Daily water fluoride intake estimates (in mg) increased with age, fluoride intake from other beverages and dentifrice both decreased slightly, and combined intake was quite consistent. For combined intake per unit body weight (mg F/kg bw), there was a steady decline with age. Therefore, the percentages with estimated intake exceeding possible thresholds for dental fluorosis also declined with age. CONCLUSIONS: Daily mean fluoride intakes from single and combined sources are relatively stable from 36-72 months of age among these children.
Authors: J R Shaffer; X Wang; E Feingold; M Lee; F Begum; D E Weeks; K T Cuenco; M M Barmada; S K Wendell; D R Crosslin; C C Laurie; K F Doheny; E W Pugh; Q Zhang; B Feenstra; F Geller; H A Boyd; H Zhang; M Melbye; J C Murray; R J Weyant; R Crout; D W McNeil; S M Levy; R L Slayton; M C Willing; B Broffitt; A R Vieira; M L Marazita Journal: J Dent Res Date: 2011-09-21 Impact factor: 6.116
Authors: Scott J Rankin; Steven M Levy; John J Warren; Julie Eichenberger Gilmore; Barbara Broffitt Journal: J Public Health Dent Date: 2011-11-09 Impact factor: 1.821
Authors: S M Levy; J J Warren; K Phipps; E Letuchy; B Broffitt; J Eichenberger-Gilmore; T L Burns; G Kavand; K F Janz; J C Torner; C A Pauley Journal: J Dent Res Date: 2014-01-27 Impact factor: 6.116
Authors: Oitip Chankanka; Teresa A Marshall; Steven M Levy; Joseph E Cavanaugh; John J Warren; Barbara Broffitt; Justine L Kolker Journal: Pediatr Dent Date: 2011 May-Jun Impact factor: 1.874
Authors: Steven M Levy; Julie M Eichenberger-Gilmore; John J Warren; Golnaz Kavand; Elena Letuchy; Barbara Broffitt; Teresa A Marshall; Trudy L Burns; Kathy F Janz; Cynthia Pauley; James C Torner; Kathy Phipps Journal: J Public Health Dent Date: 2018-08-29 Impact factor: 1.821
Authors: Scott J Rankin; Steven M Levy; John J Warren; Julie E Gilmore; Barbara Broffitt Journal: Public Health Nutr Date: 2011-03-31 Impact factor: 4.022
Authors: John VanBuren; Joseph Cavanaugh; Teresa Marshall; John Warren; Steven M Levy Journal: J Public Health Dent Date: 2017-05-18 Impact factor: 1.821
Authors: Alexandra M Curtis; John VanBuren; Joseph E Cavanaugh; John J Warren; Teresa A Marshall; Steven M Levy Journal: J Public Health Dent Date: 2018-05-12 Impact factor: 1.821
Authors: John J Warren; Steven M Levy; Barbara Broffitt; Joseph E Cavanaugh; Michael J Kanellis; Karin Weber-Gasparoni Journal: J Public Health Dent Date: 2009 Impact factor: 1.821