Ashish K Rehni1, Nirmal Singh. 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Recently, nuclear factor kappa B is indicated in the precipitation of opioid withdrawal syndrome. NF-κB activation is noted to control the transcription and biochemical activation of chemokines. Opioid receptor activation-linked chemokine stimulation is reported to mediate certain effects produced by prolonged opioid treatment. Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APD) and RS 102895 are relatively selective inhibitors of NF-κB and C-C chemokine receptor 2, respectively. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigates the effect of APD and RS 102895 on morphine withdrawal signs in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Morphine was administered twice daily for 5 days, following which a single day 6 injection of naloxone (8 mg/kg, i.p.) precipitated opioid withdrawal syndrome in mice. Withdrawal syndrome was quantitatively assessed in terms of withdrawal severity score and the frequency of jumping, rearing, fore paw licking and circling. Naloxone-induced contraction in morphine-withdrawn isolated rat ileum was employed as an in vitro model. An isobolographic study design was employed in the two models to assess potential synergistic activity between APD and RS 102895. RESULTS: APD and RS 102895 dose-dependently attenuated naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome both in vivo and in vitro. APD was also observed to exert a synergistic interaction with RS 102895. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that APD and RS 102895 attenuate morphine withdrawal signs possibly by a NF-κB and C-C chemokine receptor 2 activation pathway-linked mechanisms potentially in an interdependent manner.
RATIONALE: Recently, nuclear factor kappa B is indicated in the precipitation of opioid withdrawal syndrome. NF-κB activation is noted to control the transcription and biochemical activation of chemokines. Opioid receptor activation-linked chemokine stimulation is reported to mediate certain effects produced by prolonged opioid treatment. Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APD) and RS 102895 are relatively selective inhibitors of NF-κB and C-C chemokine receptor 2, respectively. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigates the effect of APD and RS 102895 on morphine withdrawal signs in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Morphine was administered twice daily for 5 days, following which a single day 6 injection of naloxone (8 mg/kg, i.p.) precipitated opioid withdrawal syndrome in mice. Withdrawal syndrome was quantitatively assessed in terms of withdrawal severity score and the frequency of jumping, rearing, fore paw licking and circling. Naloxone-induced contraction in morphine-withdrawn isolated rat ileum was employed as an in vitro model. An isobolographic study design was employed in the two models to assess potential synergistic activity between APD and RS 102895. RESULTS:APD and RS 102895 dose-dependently attenuated naloxone-induced morphinewithdrawal syndrome both in vivo and in vitro. APD was also observed to exert a synergistic interaction with RS 102895. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that APD and RS 102895 attenuate morphine withdrawal signs possibly by a NF-κB and C-C chemokine receptor 2 activation pathway-linked mechanisms potentially in an interdependent manner.
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