BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been proven that neuron specific enolase (NSE) was one of the sensitive tumor markers for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of serum NSE values as diagnostic and prognostic factors in patients with SCLC. METHODS: Serum NSE was detected by electrochemiluminescence method in 57 SCLC cases pre- and post-treatment. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and then compared using the Log-rank test. RESULTS: Pre-treatment serum NSE values are prognostic factors for overall survival of patients with SCLC. There was a statistically significant difference in the pretreatment NSE levels of patients who were at an extensive stage compared with the values of those patients who were at a limited stage (P<0.001). The rate of change between the pre- and post-treatment serum NSE levels was not related to the overall survival (P=0.084). CONCLUSIONS: NSE is an ideal tumor marker for the diagnosis and assessment prognosis of SCLC.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been proven that neuron specific enolase (NSE) was one of the sensitive tumor markers for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of serum NSE values as diagnostic and prognostic factors in patients with SCLC. METHODS: Serum NSE was detected by electrochemiluminescence method in 57 SCLC cases pre- and post-treatment. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and then compared using the Log-rank test. RESULTS: Pre-treatment serum NSE values are prognostic factors for overall survival of patients with SCLC. There was a statistically significant difference in the pretreatment NSE levels of patients who were at an extensive stage compared with the values of those patients who were at a limited stage (P<0.001). The rate of change between the pre- and post-treatment serum NSE levels was not related to the overall survival (P=0.084). CONCLUSIONS:NSE is an ideal tumor marker for the diagnosis and assessment prognosis of SCLC.
The relationship between rate of change of NSE and overall surviva (P=0.084)
患者NSE变化率同患者生存的关系(P=0.084)The relationship between rate of change of NSE and overall surviva (P=0.084)从图 2可见,NSE变化率低组和高组患者之间的生存曲线有交叉,但在患病后期NSE变化率低的患者生存概率高于NSE变化率高的患者。采用Cox比例风险模型推算NSE变化率对患者生存时间的影响,结果表明NSE变化率对患者生存时间的影响不明显(P=0.058)。
讨论
在临床实践中,理想的肿瘤标记物应该可以筛选和早期诊断疾病、评估疗效、判断预后并且在治疗和随访中可以监控病情变化。Ebert[认为血清NSE测定是诊断SCLC的首选肿瘤标志物。另有研究[表明,在SCLC患者中,有45%-50%的LD患者及85%-98%的ED患者血清NSE升高,已成为影像学诊断的重要补充手段。血清NSE的测定对于SCLC的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要的临床意义。但有7%-42%的NSCLC患者和11%-14%的非恶性肿瘤患者,NSE升高呈假阳性[。而血清NSE水平低于临界值的一部分SCLC患者,经病理证实为含有混合性肿瘤细胞,可能与神经内分泌细胞含量偏低及血中释放少有关。有研究[报道NSE鉴别SCLC与NSCLC及肺部良性肿物的敏感性为43%。一般来说,治疗前患者的NSE水平与SCLC患者分期有一定相关性。Pinson[也曾指出ED患者的血清NSE平均水平要远高于LD患者。Molina等[研究结果表明,NSE在LD-SCLC敏感性较低,正常人和LD-SCLC患者的NSE水平差异性小。在我们的研究中,LD与ED的NSE水平具有统计学差异(P < 0.001)。在初诊判断SCLC分期时,对于存在隐匿转移灶的ED患者,NSE水平可能为其提供有价值的线索。但暂无文献报道血清NSE水平与肿瘤负荷相关。血清NSE水平对生存期具有预后价值。Jorgensen等[选取了来自9个治疗中心的770例患者,经过统计分析认为,治疗前血清的NSE水平是影响患者生存期最重要的预后因素,其次是患者的一般状态和疾病分期。在我们的研究中,应用NSE平均值将患者分组,两组的中位生存时间相差12个月,表明初诊NSE较低者有较长的生存时间。初诊NSE水平每升高一个单位,患者的死亡概率平均增加约2.7%。因入组病例数的关系,对于NSE < 15.2 ng/mL与15.2 ng/mL-42.4 ng/mL两组患者的总生存时间未做比较。有研究[表明SCLC复发患者的血清NSE,在复发病灶被探测4周-12周之前就明显升高,但治疗前后NSE的水平对于判定SCLC复发并无意义[。Van de Pol等[研究发现,随访观察NSE的浓度变化与肿瘤复发转移有关,但与转移的部位无关。在本研究中,有18例患者在影像学证实疾病进展后测定了NSE,其中17例(94%)患者NSE升高,且17例中4例初诊时NSE水平正常,13例于治疗后NSE下降,而疾病进展后NSE又升高,这些特点支持随访NSE浓度变化与疾病进展相关的结论。有报道[表明,治疗反应较好者,其治疗前NSE水平较低,治疗后NSE水平与化疗疗效无相关性,治疗前和治疗后NSE水平的变化与治疗疗效、无疾病进展生存和总生存期无明显相关性。在本研究中,我们统计治疗前后NSE变化率与生存时间的关系,得到了相似的结果,即无统计学差异(P=0.084)。另外,初诊时NSE的值与TTP之间也无相关性(P=0.306)。综上所述,NSE是SCLC患者诊断及鉴别诊断的理想标记物,NSE还可用于评估患者的预后,并对判断疾病进展有一定的预测意义。但化疗后其变化率与患者的生存无相关性,故治疗开始后,随访NSE水平对患者的实际临床意义究竟多大?有待进一步研究探讨。
Authors: K Fizazi; I Cojean; J P Pignon; O Rixe; M Gatineau; S Hadef; R Arriagada; P Baldeyrou; E Comoy; T Le Chevalier Journal: Cancer Date: 1998-03-15 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: L G Jørgensen; K Osterlind; J Genollá; S A Gomm; J R Hernández; P W Johnson; J Løber; T A Splinter; M Szturmowicz Journal: Br J Cancer Date: 1996-08 Impact factor: 7.640