13C-NMR quantification of proton exchange at LewisX hydroxyl groups in water.

NMR-based analysis of glycans by directly observing hydroxyl protons has been difficult because of their inherently fast exchange with water. We observed hydroxyl proton exchanges in a LewisX-LewisX interaction by using deuterium isotope shifts on (13)C-NMR. This strategy is suitable for analyzing weak interactions by identifying involved protons. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011