Darwin J Operario1, Eric Houpt. 1. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diarrheal disease causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, defining the microbiologic causes are challenging due to the large number of potential enteropathogens that require testing, insensitivity of existing conventional methods, the frequent occurrence of mixed infections, and high rates of background carriage in many communities. RECENT FINDINGS: Here we review recent detection methods for enteropathogens with a particular focus on nucleic acid amplification assays. SUMMARY: Nucleic acid amplification assays with high sensitivity and throughput now allow screening for multiple enteropathogens in stool samples. Interpretation will be complicated by high rates of mixed infections and background carriage in many communities. Therefore, new detection techniques, including quantitative methods, will need to be utilized in conjunction with the clinical context and careful study design. These methods should yield new insights into the causes and epidemiology of diarrhea.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diarrheal disease causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, defining the microbiologic causes are challenging due to the large number of potential enteropathogens that require testing, insensitivity of existing conventional methods, the frequent occurrence of mixed infections, and high rates of background carriage in many communities. RECENT FINDINGS: Here we review recent detection methods for enteropathogens with a particular focus on nucleic acid amplification assays. SUMMARY: Nucleic acid amplification assays with high sensitivity and throughput now allow screening for multiple enteropathogens in stool samples. Interpretation will be complicated by high rates of mixed infections and background carriage in many communities. Therefore, new detection techniques, including quantitative methods, will need to be utilized in conjunction with the clinical context and careful study design. These methods should yield new insights into the causes and epidemiology of diarrhea.
Authors: Andrew Kirby; Ricardo Q Gurgel; Winifred Dove; Sarah Cristina F Vieira; Nigel A Cunliffe; Luis E Cuevas Journal: J Clin Virol Date: 2010-09-22 Impact factor: 3.168
Authors: C F L Amar; C East; E Maclure; J McLauchlin; C Jenkins; P Duncanson; D R A Wareing Journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Date: 2004-06-16 Impact factor: 3.267
Authors: Jie Liu; Jean Gratz; Athanasia Maro; Happy Kumburu; Gibson Kibiki; Mami Taniuchi; Arif Mahmud Howlader; Shihab U Sobuz; Rashidul Haque; Kaisar A Talukder; Shahida Qureshi; Anita Zaidi; Doris M Haverstick; Eric R Houpt Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2011-11-09 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Sarah N Buss; Amy Leber; Kimberle Chapin; Paul D Fey; Matthew J Bankowski; Matthew K Jones; Margarita Rogatcheva; Kristen J Kanack; Kevin M Bourzac Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2015-01-14 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Brianna Lindsay; Mihai Pop; Martin Antonio; Alan W Walker; Volker Mai; Dilruba Ahmed; Joseph Oundo; Boubou Tamboura; Sandra Panchalingam; Myron M Levine; Karen Kotloff; Shan Li; Laurence S Magder; Joseph N Paulson; Bo Liu; Usman Ikumapayi; Chinelo Ebruke; Michel Dione; Mitchell Adeyemi; Richard Rance; Mark D Stares; Maria Ukhanova; Bret Barnes; Ian Lewis; Firoz Ahmed; Meer Taifur Alam; Ruhul Amin; Sabbir Siddiqui; John B Ochieng; Emmanuel Ouma; Jane Juma; Eunice Mailu; Richard Omore; Ciara E O'Reilly; James Hannis; Sheri Manalili; Jonna Deleon; Irene Yasuda; Lawrence Blyn; Raymond Ranken; Feng Li; Roberta Housley; David J Ecker; M Anowar Hossain; Robert F Breiman; J Glenn Morris; Timothy K McDaniel; Julian Parkhill; Debasish Saha; Rangarajan Sampath; O Colin Stine; James P Nataro Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2013-07-24 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Andi L Shane; Rajal K Mody; John A Crump; Phillip I Tarr; Theodore S Steiner; Karen Kotloff; Joanne M Langley; Christine Wanke; Cirle Alcantara Warren; Allen C Cheng; Joseph Cantey; Larry K Pickering Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2017-11-29 Impact factor: 9.079