BACKGROUND: Previous studies observed associations between airborne particles and cardio-vascular disease. Questions, however, remain as to which size of the inhalable particles (coarse, fine, or ultrafine) exerts the most significant impact on health. METHODS: For this retrospective study, data of the total number of 23,741 emergency service calls, registered between February 2002 and January 2003 in the City of Leipzig, were analysed, identifying 5326 as being related to cardiovascular incidences. Simultaneous particle exposure was determined for the particle sizes classes <100 nm (UFP), <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and <10 μm (PM10). We used a time resolution of 1 day for both parameters, emergency calls and exposure. RESULTS: Within the group of cardiovascular diseases, the diagnostic category of hypertensive crisis showed a significant association with particle exposure. The significant effect on hypertensive crisis was found for particles with a size of <100 nm in diameter and starting with a lag of 2 days after exposure. No consistent influence could be observed for PM2.5 and PM10. The Odds Ratios on hypertensive crisis were significant for the particle size <100 nm in diameter from day 2 post exposure OR=1.06 (95%CI: 1.02-1.10, p=0.002) up to day 7 OR=1.05 (95%CI 1.02-1.09, p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Ultrafine particles affect cardiovascular disease adversely, particularly hypertensive crises. Their effect is significant compared with PM2.5 and PM10. It appears necessary, from a public health point of view, to consider regulating this type of particles using appropriate measurands as particle number.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies observed associations between airborne particles and cardio-vascular disease. Questions, however, remain as to which size of the inhalable particles (coarse, fine, or ultrafine) exerts the most significant impact on health. METHODS: For this retrospective study, data of the total number of 23,741 emergency service calls, registered between February 2002 and January 2003 in the City of Leipzig, were analysed, identifying 5326 as being related to cardiovascular incidences. Simultaneous particle exposure was determined for the particle sizes classes <100 nm (UFP), <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and <10 μm (PM10). We used a time resolution of 1 day for both parameters, emergency calls and exposure. RESULTS: Within the group of cardiovascular diseases, the diagnostic category of hypertensive crisis showed a significant association with particle exposure. The significant effect on hypertensive crisis was found for particles with a size of <100 nm in diameter and starting with a lag of 2 days after exposure. No consistent influence could be observed for PM2.5 and PM10. The Odds Ratios on hypertensive crisis were significant for the particle size <100 nm in diameter from day 2 post exposure OR=1.06 (95%CI: 1.02-1.10, p=0.002) up to day 7 OR=1.05 (95%CI 1.02-1.09, p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Ultrafine particles affect cardiovascular disease adversely, particularly hypertensive crises. Their effect is significant compared with PM2.5 and PM10. It appears necessary, from a public health point of view, to consider regulating this type of particles using appropriate measurands as particle number.
Authors: Trenton Honda; Melissa N Eliot; Charles B Eaton; Eric Whitsel; James D Stewart; Lina Mu; Helen Suh; Adam Szpiro; Joel D Kaufman; Sverre Vedal; Gregory A Wellenius Journal: Environ Int Date: 2017-05-15 Impact factor: 9.621
Authors: Christina H Fuller; Paige L Williams; Murray A Mittleman; Allison P Patton; John D Spengler; Doug Brugge Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2015-02-12 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Xian Zhang; Norbert Staimer; Daniel L Gillen; Tomas Tjoa; James J Schauer; Martin M Shafer; Sina Hasheminassab; Payam Pakbin; Nosratola D Vaziri; Constantinos Sioutas; Ralph J Delfino Journal: Environ Res Date: 2016-06-21 Impact factor: 6.498