The mutual roles of temporal glimpsing and vocal characteristics in cocktail-party listening.

At a cocktail party, listeners must attend selectively to a target speaker and segregate their speech from distracting speech sounds uttered by other speakers. To solve this task, listeners can draw on a variety of vocal, spatial, and temporal cues. Recently, Vestergaard et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 1114-1124 (2009)] developed a concurrent-syllable task to control temporal glimpsing within segments of concurrent speech, and this allowed them to measure the interaction of glottal pulse rate and vocal tract length and reveal how the auditory system integrates information from independent acoustic modalities to enhance recognition. The current paper shows how the interaction of these acoustic cues evolves as the temporal overlap of syllables is varied. Temporal glimpses as short as 25 ms are observed to improve syllable recognition substantially when the target and distracter have similar vocal characteristics, but not when they are dissimilar. The effect of temporal glimpsing on recognition performance is strongly affected by the form of the syllable (consonant-vowel versus vowel-consonant), but it is independent of other phonetic features such as place and manner of articulation.