Proteomic analysis of plasma samples from patients with acute myocardial infarction identifies haptoglobin as a potential prognostic biomarker.

Prognosis of clinical outcome following myocardial infarction is variable and difficult to predict. We have analyzed the plasma proteome of thirty patients with acute myocardial infarction to search for new prognostic biomarkers. Proteomic analyses of blood samples were performed by 2-D-DiGE after plasma depletion of albumin and immunoglobulins G. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class determined at 1-year follow-up was used to identify patients with heart failure. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering of proteomic data revealed that patients could be separated into 3 groups. The 22 differentially expressed proteins involved in this grouping were identified as haptoglobin (Hp) and respective isoforms. The 3 groups of patients had distinct Hp isoforms: patients from group 1 had the α1-α1, patients from group 2 the α2-α1, and patients from group 3 the α2-α2 genotype. This classification was also associated with different total plasma levels of Hp. The presence of the α2 genotype and low plasma levels of Hp was associated with a higher NYHA class and therefore with a detrimental functional outcome after myocardial infarction. A plasma level of Hp below 1.4g/L predicted the occurrence of heart failure (NYHA 2, 3, 4) at 1-year with 100% sensitivity.