BACKGROUND: A growing body of cross-sectional, small-sample research has led to policy strategies to reduce food deserts--neighborhoods with little or no access to healthy foods--by limiting fast food restaurants and small food stores and increasing access to supermarkets in low-income neighborhoods. METHODS: We used 15 years of longitudinal data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a cohort of US young adults (aged 18-30 years at baseline) (n = 5115), with linked time-varying geographic information system-derived food resource measures. Using repeated measures from 4 examination periods (n = 15,854 person-examination observations) and conditional regression (conditioned on the individual), we modeled fast food consumption, diet quality, and adherence to fruit and vegetable recommendations as a function of fast food chain, supermarket, or grocery store availability (counts per population) within less than 1.00 km, 1.00 to 2.99 km, 3.00 to 4.99 km, and 5.00 to 8.05 km of respondents' homes. Models were sex stratified, controlled for individual sociodemographic characteristics and neighborhood poverty, and tested for interaction by individual-level income. RESULTS: Fast food consumption was related to fast food availability among low-income respondents, particularly within 1.00 to 2.99 km of home among men (coefficient, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.51). Greater supermarket availability was generally unrelated to diet quality and fruit and vegetable intake, and relationships between grocery store availability and diet outcomes were mixed. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide some evidence for zoning restrictions on fast food restaurants within 3 km of low-income residents but suggest that increased access to food stores may require complementary or alternative strategies to promote dietary behavior change.
BACKGROUND: A growing body of cross-sectional, small-sample research has led to policy strategies to reduce food deserts--neighborhoods with little or no access to healthy foods--by limiting fast food restaurants and small food stores and increasing access to supermarkets in low-income neighborhoods. METHODS: We used 15 years of longitudinal data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a cohort of US young adults (aged 18-30 years at baseline) (n = 5115), with linked time-varying geographic information system-derived food resource measures. Using repeated measures from 4 examination periods (n = 15,854 person-examination observations) and conditional regression (conditioned on the individual), we modeled fast food consumption, diet quality, and adherence to fruit and vegetable recommendations as a function of fast food chain, supermarket, or grocery store availability (counts per population) within less than 1.00 km, 1.00 to 2.99 km, 3.00 to 4.99 km, and 5.00 to 8.05 km of respondents' homes. Models were sex stratified, controlled for individual sociodemographic characteristics and neighborhood poverty, and tested for interaction by individual-level income. RESULTS: Fast food consumption was related to fast food availability among low-income respondents, particularly within 1.00 to 2.99 km of home among men (coefficient, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.51). Greater supermarket availability was generally unrelated to diet quality and fruit and vegetable intake, and relationships between grocery store availability and diet outcomes were mixed. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide some evidence for zoning restrictions on fast food restaurants within 3 km of low-income residents but suggest that increased access to food stores may require complementary or alternative strategies to promote dietary behavior change.
Authors: Donald Rose; Paul L Hutchinson; J Nicholas Bodor; Chris M Swalm; Thomas A Farley; Deborah A Cohen; Janet C Rice Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2009-09 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: Tiffany L Gary-Webb; Kesha Baptiste-Roberts; Luu Pham; Jacqueline Wesche-Thobaben; Jennifer Patricio; F Xavier Pi-Sunyer; Arleen F Brown; LaShanda Jones; Frederick L Brancati Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2010-06-04 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Amy H Auchincloss; Ana V Diez Roux; Daniel G Brown; Christine A Erdmann; Alain G Bertoni Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 4.822
Authors: A McDonald; L Van Horn; M Slattery; J Hilner; C Bragg; B Caan; D Jacobs; K Liu; H Hubert; N Gernhofer; E Betz; D Havlik Journal: J Am Diet Assoc Date: 1991-09
Authors: K Liu; M Slattery; D Jacobs; G Cutter; A McDonald; L Van Horn; J E Hilner; B Caan; C Bragg; A Dyer Journal: Ethn Dis Date: 1994 Impact factor: 1.847
Authors: Caitlin E Caspi; Ichiro Kawachi; S V Subramanian; Gary Adamkiewicz; Glorian Sorensen Journal: Soc Sci Med Date: 2012-06-09 Impact factor: 4.634
Authors: Mienah Z Sharif; Jeremiah R Garza; Brent A Langellier; Alice A Kuo; Deborah C Glik; Michael L Prelip; Alexander N Ortega Journal: Public Health Rep Date: 2015 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 2.792
Authors: Daniel Rodriguez; Heather A Carlos; Anna M Adachi-Mejia; Ethan M Berke; James Sargent Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2013-09-02 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Dustin T Duncan; Ichiro Kawachi; S V Subramanian; Jared Aldstadt; Steven J Melly; David R Williams Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2013-10-22 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Y Tara Zhang; Mahasin S Mujahid; Barbara A Laraia; E Margaret Warton; Samuel D Blanchard; Howard H Moffet; Janelle Downing; Andrew J Karter Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2017-06-15 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Jeffrey J Wing; Ella August; Sara D Adar; Andrew L Dannenberg; Anjum Hajat; Brisa N Sánchez; James H Stein; Matthew C Tattersall; Ana V Diez Roux Journal: Circulation Date: 2016-08-16 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Jennifer A Woo Baidal; Kayla Morel; Kelsey Nichols; Erin Elbel; Nalini Charles; Jeff Goldsmith; Ling Chen; Elsie Taveras Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2018-10-25 Impact factor: 9.308