Pelvic floor disorders: role of new ultrasonographic techniques.

The paper presents the role of various ultrasound modalities in the diagnostics of female pelvic floor disorders (PFD). It describes the use of two/three/four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound and endocavitary transducers, which, up to now, have been used for proctological examinations and prostate cancer brachytherapy. Ultrasonography is the most widely available imaging modality. As a result of technical progress, novel transducers and more sophisticated software have recently been introduced to the market providing more information about the anatomy of pelvic organs. Some features of these transducers, such as higher frequency and multiplanar imaging, enable better visualisation of pelvic floor organs. In-depth knowledge of the technical and physical properties of modern ultrasonography, as well as its advantages and limitations, could provide an integrated approach to imaging of PFD. Technical modalities, the wide availability of ultrasonographic techniques, and an understanding of the imaging possible with modern ultrasonography could improve our understanding of PFD and allow better assessment in pre- and post-surgical management.