BACKGROUND: Although studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), evidence regarding whether vitamin D intake from foods or supplements is prospectively associated with lower CVD risk in healthy humans is limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to comprehensively evaluate the associations between both dietary and supplemental vitamin D and CVD risk. DESIGN: In the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2006) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2006)-consisting of 74,272 women and 44,592 men, respectively, who were free of CVD and cancer at baseline-we prospectively examined the association between vitamin D intake and incident CVD. RESULTS: Over a total of 2,280,324 person-years of follow-up, we identified 9886 incident cases of coronary heart disease and stroke. After multivariate adjustment for age and other CVD risk factors, a higher total vitamin D intake (from foods and supplements) was associated with a decreased risk of CVD in men but not in women; the relative risks (95% CIs) for a comparison of participants who met the Dietary Reference Intake of vitamin D (≥600 IU/d) with participants whose vitamin D intake was <100 IU/d were 0.84 (0.72, 0.97; P for trend = 0.009) for men and 1.02 (0.89, 1.17; P for trend = 0.12) for women. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that a higher intake of vitamin D is associated with a lower risk of CVD in men but not in women. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate a biological basis for potential sex differences.
BACKGROUND: Although studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), evidence regarding whether vitamin D intake from foods or supplements is prospectively associated with lower CVD risk in healthy humans is limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to comprehensively evaluate the associations between both dietary and supplemental vitamin D and CVD risk. DESIGN: In the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2006) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2006)-consisting of 74,272 women and 44,592 men, respectively, who were free of CVD and cancer at baseline-we prospectively examined the association between vitamin D intake and incident CVD. RESULTS: Over a total of 2,280,324 person-years of follow-up, we identified 9886 incident cases of coronary heart disease and stroke. After multivariate adjustment for age and other CVD risk factors, a higher total vitamin D intake (from foods and supplements) was associated with a decreased risk of CVD in men but not in women; the relative risks (95% CIs) for a comparison of participants who met the Dietary Reference Intake of vitamin D (≥600 IU/d) with participants whose vitamin D intake was <100 IU/d were 0.84 (0.72, 0.97; P for trend = 0.009) for men and 1.02 (0.89, 1.17; P for trend = 0.12) for women. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that a higher intake of vitamin D is associated with a lower risk of CVD in men but not in women. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate a biological basis for potential sex differences.
Authors: S Salvini; D J Hunter; L Sampson; M J Stampfer; G A Colditz; B Rosner; W C Willett Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 1989-12 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Y Rolland; P de Souto Barreto; G Abellan Van Kan; C Annweiler; O Beauchet; H Bischoff-Ferrari; G Berrut; H Blain; M Bonnefoy; M Cesari; G Duque; M Ferry; O Guerin; O Hanon; B Lesourd; J Morley; A Raynaud-Simon; G Ruault; J-C Souberbielle; B Vellas Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2013-04 Impact factor: 4.075
Authors: Steven E Lipshultz; Thomas R Cochran; David A Briston; Stefanie R Brown; Peter J Sambatakos; Tracie L Miller; Adriana A Carrillo; Liat Corcia; Janine E Sanchez; Melissa B Diamond; Michael Freundlich; Danielle Harake; Tamara Gayle; William G Harmon; Paolo G Rusconi; Satinder K Sandhu; James D Wilkinson Journal: Future Cardiol Date: 2013-11
Authors: Justin R Buendia; Yanping Li; Frank B Hu; Howard J Cabral; M Loring Bradlee; Paula A Quatromoni; Martha R Singer; Gary C Curhan; Lynn L Moore Journal: Am J Hypertens Date: 2018-04-13 Impact factor: 2.689
Authors: Patrycja A Naesgaard; Ricardo A León De La Fuente; Stein Tore Nilsen; Leik Woie; Torbjoern Aarsland; Cato Brede; Harry Staines; Dennis W T Nilsen Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-09-06 Impact factor: 3.240