Literature DB >> 21588403

1-Benzoyl-3,3-bis-(propan-2-yl)thio-urea.

N Gunasekaran, R Karvembu, Seik Weng Ng, Edward R T Tiekink.   

Abstract

Two independent thio-urea derivatives comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(14)H(20)N(2)OS. The major difference between the mol-ecules relates to a twist in the relative orientation of the benzene rings [torsion angles = 4.5 (2) and -19.9 (2)° for the two independent mol-ecules]. The thio-carbonyl and carbonyl groups lie to opposite sides of the mol-ecule as there are twists about the central N-S bond [torsion angles = 83.90 (15) and 81.77 (15)°]. Supra-molecular chains extending parallel to [101] with a stepped topology and mediated by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding feature in the crystal structure. C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions are also present.

Entities:  

Year:  2010        PMID: 21588403      PMCID: PMC3007396          DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810028862

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online        ISSN: 1600-5368


Related literature

For the biological activity of thio­urea derivatives, see: Venkatachalam et al. (2004 ▶); Yuan et al. (2001 ▶); Zhou et al. (2004 ▶). For the use of ruthenium(III) complexes of thio­ureas as catalysts, see: Gunasekaran & Karvembru (2010 ▶). For additional structural analysis, see: Spek (2009 ▶).

Experimental

Crystal data

C14H20N2OS M = 264.38 Monoclinic, a = 14.8072 (10) Å b = 13.5832 (10) Å c = 14.9168 (11) Å β = 97.635 (1)° V = 2973.6 (4) Å3 Z = 8 Mo Kα radiation μ = 0.21 mm−1 T = 100 K 0.40 × 0.25 × 0.05 mm

Data collection

Bruker SMART APEX diffractometer Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996 ▶) T min = 0.921, T max = 0.990 27965 measured reflections 6833 independent reflections 5254 reflections with I > 2σ(I) R int = 0.051

Refinement

R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)] = 0.037 wR(F 2) = 0.097 S = 1.02 6833 reflections 341 parameters 2 restraints H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement Δρmax = 0.32 e Å−3 Δρmin = −0.22 e Å−3 Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2008 ▶); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2008 ▶); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997 ▶), DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2006 ▶) and Qmol (Gans & Shalloway, 2001 ▶); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▶). Crystal structure: contains datablocks global, I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810028862/ez2225sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810028862/ez2225Isup2.hkl Additional supplementary materials: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C14H20N2OSF(000) = 1136
Mr = 264.38Dx = 1.181 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ynCell parameters from 5840 reflections
a = 14.8072 (10) Åθ = 2.4–28.1°
b = 13.5832 (10) ŵ = 0.21 mm1
c = 14.9168 (11) ÅT = 100 K
β = 97.635 (1)°Prism, colourless
V = 2973.6 (4) Å30.40 × 0.25 × 0.05 mm
Z = 8
Bruker SMART APEX diffractometer6833 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube5254 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
graphiteRint = 0.051
ω scansθmax = 27.5°, θmin = 1.8°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)h = −19→19
Tmin = 0.921, Tmax = 0.990k = −17→17
27965 measured reflectionsl = −19→19
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.097H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.02w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0476P)2 + 0.4491P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
6833 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
341 parametersΔρmax = 0.32 e Å3
2 restraintsΔρmin = −0.22 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
S10.75721 (3)0.79767 (3)0.15341 (3)0.01907 (10)
S21.24751 (3)0.74064 (3)0.16642 (3)0.01868 (10)
O10.97620 (7)0.75101 (8)0.11338 (7)0.0217 (2)
O21.20465 (7)0.80331 (8)0.38108 (7)0.0198 (2)
N10.84390 (8)0.70403 (9)0.03311 (8)0.0135 (2)
H10.8091 (11)0.7049 (14)−0.0167 (8)0.033 (5)*
N20.80562 (8)0.60687 (9)0.15068 (8)0.0160 (3)
N31.11221 (8)0.81185 (9)0.24783 (8)0.0136 (3)
H31.0643 (9)0.7908 (14)0.2154 (12)0.037 (6)*
N41.19743 (9)0.92929 (9)0.18289 (8)0.0172 (3)
C10.97327 (10)0.74376 (10)−0.04643 (10)0.0150 (3)
C21.06667 (10)0.76249 (11)−0.03733 (11)0.0191 (3)
H21.09940.77400.02090.023*
C31.11180 (11)0.76431 (11)−0.11299 (11)0.0213 (3)
H3A1.17540.7772−0.10630.026*
C41.06483 (11)0.74753 (11)−0.19821 (11)0.0202 (3)
H41.09610.7478−0.24980.024*
C50.97160 (10)0.73027 (11)−0.20766 (10)0.0183 (3)
H50.93900.7197−0.26620.022*
C60.92549 (10)0.72824 (10)−0.13246 (10)0.0164 (3)
H60.86170.7163−0.13950.020*
C70.93123 (10)0.73556 (10)0.03927 (10)0.0153 (3)
C80.80264 (10)0.69632 (10)0.11469 (9)0.0142 (3)
C90.83729 (11)0.51575 (10)0.10756 (10)0.0188 (3)
H90.82390.46040.14800.023*
C100.93975 (11)0.51274 (12)0.10634 (12)0.0270 (4)
H10A0.97080.53730.16410.041*
H10B0.95570.55420.05700.041*
H10C0.95880.44480.09720.041*
C110.78275 (13)0.49311 (12)0.01598 (11)0.0295 (4)
H11A0.71750.49950.02030.044*
H11B0.79590.4258−0.00200.044*
H11C0.79970.5395−0.02920.044*
C120.77042 (12)0.59103 (12)0.23844 (11)0.0252 (4)
H120.75850.65740.26330.030*
C130.84165 (14)0.54090 (13)0.30663 (11)0.0340 (4)
H13A0.82010.53930.36600.051*
H13B0.89900.57770.31110.051*
H13C0.85160.47350.28670.051*
C140.68014 (13)0.53676 (13)0.22384 (14)0.0364 (5)
H14A0.63740.57270.17980.055*
H14B0.65520.53210.28130.055*
H14C0.68960.47040.20100.055*
C151.04692 (10)0.77094 (10)0.38361 (10)0.0162 (3)
C161.06181 (12)0.72906 (13)0.46947 (11)0.0253 (4)
H161.12180.71180.49530.030*
C170.98915 (13)0.71256 (14)0.51739 (12)0.0326 (4)
H170.99940.68280.57550.039*
C180.90163 (12)0.73933 (13)0.48099 (12)0.0290 (4)
H180.85220.72970.51470.035*
C190.88646 (11)0.78013 (12)0.39528 (11)0.0237 (4)
H190.82640.79800.37010.028*
C200.95841 (10)0.79518 (11)0.34577 (11)0.0190 (3)
H200.94740.82180.28640.023*
C211.12797 (10)0.79444 (10)0.33795 (10)0.0149 (3)
C221.18641 (10)0.83429 (10)0.19877 (9)0.0143 (3)
C231.13244 (10)1.00932 (11)0.20189 (10)0.0181 (3)
H231.16001.07200.18310.022*
C241.12179 (11)1.02287 (11)0.30114 (10)0.0200 (3)
H24A1.09851.08910.31050.030*
H24B1.18111.01440.33820.030*
H24C1.07890.97380.31870.030*
C251.04171 (11)0.99951 (12)0.14111 (11)0.0256 (4)
H25A1.05270.99260.07810.038*
H25B1.00471.05840.14720.038*
H25C1.00930.94130.15900.038*
C261.27615 (12)0.96155 (12)0.13727 (12)0.0271 (4)
H261.30950.90080.12280.033*
C271.34174 (12)1.02249 (13)0.20183 (14)0.0340 (4)
H27A1.36040.98470.25710.051*
H27B1.31161.08330.21700.051*
H27C1.39561.03880.17300.051*
C281.24534 (15)1.01339 (15)0.04833 (13)0.0446 (5)
H28A1.20100.97210.01090.067*
H28B1.29811.02510.01640.067*
H28C1.21701.07640.06020.067*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
S10.0237 (2)0.01671 (18)0.0177 (2)0.00430 (15)0.00614 (16)−0.00098 (14)
S20.0191 (2)0.01741 (18)0.0205 (2)0.00404 (14)0.00623 (15)0.00049 (14)
O10.0178 (6)0.0305 (6)0.0161 (5)−0.0038 (5)−0.0002 (4)−0.0028 (5)
O20.0143 (6)0.0287 (6)0.0156 (5)0.0002 (4)−0.0011 (4)0.0005 (4)
N10.0135 (6)0.0170 (6)0.0098 (6)−0.0006 (5)0.0010 (5)0.0005 (5)
N20.0200 (7)0.0146 (6)0.0144 (6)−0.0006 (5)0.0058 (5)−0.0014 (5)
N30.0116 (6)0.0160 (6)0.0129 (6)−0.0011 (5)0.0007 (5)0.0003 (5)
N40.0200 (7)0.0154 (6)0.0175 (6)−0.0005 (5)0.0081 (5)−0.0003 (5)
C10.0148 (7)0.0134 (7)0.0169 (7)0.0013 (5)0.0026 (6)0.0016 (6)
C20.0161 (8)0.0192 (7)0.0214 (8)0.0004 (6)0.0005 (6)0.0012 (6)
C30.0136 (8)0.0216 (8)0.0294 (9)0.0005 (6)0.0052 (7)0.0034 (6)
C40.0214 (8)0.0192 (8)0.0217 (8)0.0022 (6)0.0096 (7)0.0017 (6)
C50.0192 (8)0.0185 (7)0.0177 (8)0.0023 (6)0.0046 (6)0.0014 (6)
C60.0142 (7)0.0171 (7)0.0181 (7)0.0000 (6)0.0032 (6)0.0009 (6)
C70.0145 (7)0.0143 (7)0.0167 (7)0.0009 (6)0.0007 (6)−0.0002 (6)
C80.0116 (7)0.0181 (7)0.0126 (7)−0.0017 (6)0.0005 (6)−0.0009 (6)
C90.0260 (9)0.0134 (7)0.0176 (8)0.0023 (6)0.0050 (6)−0.0008 (6)
C100.0286 (10)0.0216 (8)0.0323 (10)0.0071 (7)0.0090 (8)0.0028 (7)
C110.0416 (11)0.0195 (8)0.0256 (9)0.0008 (7)−0.0015 (8)−0.0059 (7)
C120.0394 (10)0.0190 (8)0.0206 (8)−0.0025 (7)0.0172 (7)0.0002 (6)
C130.0594 (13)0.0255 (9)0.0180 (8)−0.0026 (8)0.0090 (8)0.0029 (7)
C140.0405 (12)0.0258 (9)0.0486 (12)−0.0037 (8)0.0272 (10)−0.0002 (8)
C150.0172 (8)0.0164 (7)0.0155 (7)−0.0023 (6)0.0038 (6)−0.0011 (6)
C160.0226 (9)0.0355 (9)0.0178 (8)−0.0006 (7)0.0027 (7)0.0034 (7)
C170.0370 (11)0.0463 (11)0.0158 (8)−0.0056 (9)0.0080 (8)0.0066 (7)
C180.0263 (10)0.0370 (10)0.0267 (9)−0.0069 (7)0.0142 (8)−0.0026 (7)
C190.0176 (8)0.0266 (8)0.0282 (9)−0.0015 (6)0.0072 (7)−0.0013 (7)
C200.0181 (8)0.0199 (7)0.0193 (8)−0.0015 (6)0.0039 (6)0.0010 (6)
C210.0163 (8)0.0135 (7)0.0149 (7)0.0011 (6)0.0015 (6)0.0000 (5)
C220.0133 (7)0.0182 (7)0.0108 (7)−0.0004 (6)−0.0012 (6)−0.0007 (5)
C230.0218 (8)0.0140 (7)0.0189 (8)0.0022 (6)0.0045 (6)0.0010 (6)
C240.0249 (9)0.0167 (7)0.0193 (8)0.0016 (6)0.0067 (7)−0.0012 (6)
C250.0290 (9)0.0215 (8)0.0247 (9)0.0045 (7)−0.0029 (7)0.0012 (7)
C260.0307 (10)0.0210 (8)0.0345 (10)−0.0038 (7)0.0225 (8)−0.0020 (7)
C270.0254 (10)0.0310 (9)0.0485 (12)−0.0062 (8)0.0153 (9)0.0021 (8)
C280.0648 (15)0.0468 (12)0.0270 (10)−0.0187 (10)0.0240 (10)0.0011 (9)
S1—C81.6687 (15)C12—C131.525 (2)
S2—C221.6689 (15)C12—H121.0000
O1—C71.2304 (18)C13—H13A0.9800
O2—C211.2343 (18)C13—H13B0.9800
N1—C71.3537 (19)C13—H13C0.9800
N1—C81.4362 (18)C14—H14A0.9800
N1—H10.847 (9)C14—H14B0.9800
N2—C81.3266 (18)C14—H14C0.9800
N2—C121.4877 (18)C15—C161.392 (2)
N2—C91.4986 (18)C15—C201.396 (2)
N3—C211.3542 (18)C15—C211.491 (2)
N3—C221.4316 (18)C16—C171.387 (2)
N3—H30.854 (9)C16—H160.9500
N4—C221.3260 (18)C17—C181.385 (3)
N4—C261.4915 (19)C17—H170.9500
N4—C231.5035 (18)C18—C191.384 (2)
C1—C61.397 (2)C18—H180.9500
C1—C21.395 (2)C19—C201.390 (2)
C1—C71.498 (2)C19—H190.9500
C2—C31.386 (2)C20—H200.9500
C2—H20.9500C23—C241.521 (2)
C3—C41.384 (2)C23—C251.523 (2)
C3—H3A0.9500C23—H231.0000
C4—C51.389 (2)C24—H24A0.9800
C4—H40.9500C24—H24B0.9800
C5—C61.389 (2)C24—H24C0.9800
C5—H50.9500C25—H25A0.9800
C6—H60.9500C25—H25B0.9800
C9—C101.520 (2)C25—H25C0.9800
C9—C111.523 (2)C26—C271.519 (3)
C9—H91.0000C26—C281.518 (3)
C10—H10A0.9800C26—H261.0000
C10—H10B0.9800C27—H27A0.9800
C10—H10C0.9800C27—H27B0.9800
C11—H11A0.9800C27—H27C0.9800
C11—H11B0.9800C28—H28A0.9800
C11—H11C0.9800C28—H28B0.9800
C12—C141.517 (2)C28—H28C0.9800
C7—N1—C8118.40 (12)C12—C14—H14A109.5
C7—N1—H1121.3 (13)C12—C14—H14B109.5
C8—N1—H1117.8 (13)H14A—C14—H14B109.5
C8—N2—C12119.46 (12)C12—C14—H14C109.5
C8—N2—C9125.33 (12)H14A—C14—H14C109.5
C12—N2—C9115.11 (11)H14B—C14—H14C109.5
C21—N3—C22120.13 (12)C16—C15—C20119.60 (14)
C21—N3—H3121.7 (14)C16—C15—C21117.98 (14)
C22—N3—H3114.7 (14)C20—C15—C21122.29 (13)
C22—N4—C26119.31 (12)C17—C16—C15120.10 (16)
C22—N4—C23124.95 (12)C17—C16—H16120.0
C26—N4—C23115.61 (11)C15—C16—H16120.0
C6—C1—C2119.44 (14)C18—C17—C16120.32 (16)
C6—C1—C7123.75 (13)C18—C17—H17119.8
C2—C1—C7116.70 (13)C16—C17—H17119.8
C3—C2—C1120.20 (15)C19—C18—C17119.72 (15)
C3—C2—H2119.9C19—C18—H18120.1
C1—C2—H2119.9C17—C18—H18120.1
C4—C3—C2120.46 (14)C18—C19—C20120.53 (16)
C4—C3—H3A119.8C18—C19—H19119.7
C2—C3—H3A119.8C20—C19—H19119.7
C3—C4—C5119.49 (14)C19—C20—C15119.69 (15)
C3—C4—H4120.3C19—C20—H20120.2
C5—C4—H4120.3C15—C20—H20120.2
C6—C5—C4120.67 (15)O2—C21—N3121.71 (13)
C6—C5—H5119.7O2—C21—C15121.55 (13)
C4—C5—H5119.7N3—C21—C15116.60 (13)
C5—C6—C1119.72 (14)N4—C22—N3114.80 (12)
C5—C6—H6120.1N4—C22—S2127.29 (11)
C1—C6—H6120.1N3—C22—S2117.90 (10)
O1—C7—N1120.86 (14)N4—C23—C24115.01 (12)
O1—C7—C1121.15 (13)N4—C23—C25111.13 (12)
N1—C7—C1117.83 (13)C24—C23—C25113.12 (13)
N2—C8—N1114.50 (12)N4—C23—H23105.5
N2—C8—S1127.50 (11)C24—C23—H23105.5
N1—C8—S1118.00 (10)C25—C23—H23105.5
N2—C9—C10113.40 (12)C23—C24—H24A109.5
N2—C9—C11113.13 (13)C23—C24—H24B109.5
C10—C9—C11113.26 (13)H24A—C24—H24B109.5
N2—C9—H9105.3C23—C24—H24C109.5
C10—C9—H9105.3H24A—C24—H24C109.5
C11—C9—H9105.3H24B—C24—H24C109.5
C9—C10—H10A109.5C23—C25—H25A109.5
C9—C10—H10B109.5C23—C25—H25B109.5
H10A—C10—H10B109.5H25A—C25—H25B109.5
C9—C10—H10C109.5C23—C25—H25C109.5
H10A—C10—H10C109.5H25A—C25—H25C109.5
H10B—C10—H10C109.5H25B—C25—H25C109.5
C9—C11—H11A109.5N4—C26—C27110.09 (13)
C9—C11—H11B109.5N4—C26—C28111.89 (15)
H11A—C11—H11B109.5C27—C26—C28113.20 (15)
C9—C11—H11C109.5N4—C26—H26107.1
H11A—C11—H11C109.5C27—C26—H26107.1
H11B—C11—H11C109.5C28—C26—H26107.1
N2—C12—C14110.44 (14)C26—C27—H27A109.5
N2—C12—C13111.06 (13)C26—C27—H27B109.5
C14—C12—C13113.39 (14)H27A—C27—H27B109.5
N2—C12—H12107.2C26—C27—H27C109.5
C14—C12—H12107.2H27A—C27—H27C109.5
C13—C12—H12107.2H27B—C27—H27C109.5
C12—C13—H13A109.5C26—C28—H28A109.5
C12—C13—H13B109.5C26—C28—H28B109.5
H13A—C13—H13B109.5H28A—C28—H28B109.5
C12—C13—H13C109.5C26—C28—H28C109.5
H13A—C13—H13C109.5H28A—C28—H28C109.5
H13B—C13—H13C109.5H28B—C28—H28C109.5
C6—C1—C2—C3−0.9 (2)C20—C15—C16—C17−0.7 (2)
C7—C1—C2—C3175.51 (13)C21—C15—C16—C17175.26 (15)
C1—C2—C3—C4−0.1 (2)C15—C16—C17—C18−1.3 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C51.0 (2)C16—C17—C18—C191.9 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C6−1.0 (2)C17—C18—C19—C20−0.5 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C10.0 (2)C18—C19—C20—C15−1.4 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C50.9 (2)C16—C15—C20—C192.0 (2)
C7—C1—C6—C5−175.24 (13)C21—C15—C20—C19−173.76 (14)
C8—N1—C7—O14.8 (2)C22—N3—C21—O24.6 (2)
C8—N1—C7—C1−179.69 (12)C22—N3—C21—C15−179.58 (12)
C6—C1—C7—O1−179.23 (14)C16—C15—C21—O2−19.9 (2)
C2—C1—C7—O14.5 (2)C20—C15—C21—O2155.89 (14)
C6—C1—C7—N15.2 (2)C16—C15—C21—N3164.24 (14)
C2—C1—C7—N1−171.00 (13)C20—C15—C21—N3−19.9 (2)
C12—N2—C8—N1176.10 (13)C26—N4—C22—N3176.26 (13)
C9—N2—C8—N1−7.7 (2)C23—N4—C22—N3−8.0 (2)
C12—N2—C8—S1−3.9 (2)C26—N4—C22—S2−5.0 (2)
C9—N2—C8—S1172.33 (11)C23—N4—C22—S2170.75 (11)
C7—N1—C8—N2−96.09 (16)C21—N3—C22—N4−99.35 (15)
C7—N1—C8—S183.90 (15)C21—N3—C22—S281.77 (15)
C8—N2—C9—C1072.10 (19)C22—N4—C23—C2463.67 (19)
C12—N2—C9—C10−111.54 (15)C26—N4—C23—C24−120.46 (15)
C8—N2—C9—C11−58.6 (2)C22—N4—C23—C25−66.49 (18)
C12—N2—C9—C11117.72 (15)C26—N4—C23—C25109.38 (15)
C8—N2—C12—C14106.66 (16)C22—N4—C26—C27−113.95 (16)
C9—N2—C12—C14−69.93 (17)C23—N4—C26—C2769.92 (18)
C8—N2—C12—C13−126.65 (15)C22—N4—C26—C28119.25 (16)
C9—N2—C12—C1356.76 (17)C23—N4—C26—C28−56.87 (18)
Cg is the centroid of the C1–C6 ring.
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1···O2i0.85 (1)2.03 (1)2.8568 (16)167 (2)
N3—H3···O10.85 (1)1.94 (1)2.7728 (16)163 (2)
C6—H6···O2i0.952.403.3306 (18)166
C10—H10c···Cgii0.982.633.5714 (18)160
C25—H25b···Cgiii0.982.703.5717 (18)149
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

Cg is the centroid of the C1–C6 ring.

D—H⋯AD—HH⋯ADAD—H⋯A
N1—H1⋯O2i0.85 (1)2.03 (1)2.8568 (16)167 (2)
N3—H3⋯O10.85 (1)1.94 (1)2.7728 (16)163 (2)
C6—H6⋯O2i0.952.403.3306 (18)166
C10—H10c⋯Cgii0.982.633.5714 (18)160
C25—H25b⋯Cgiii0.982.703.5717 (18)149

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

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