Temperature-dependent development and life table parameters of Typhlodromus bagdasarjani (Phytoseiidae) fed on two-spotted spider mite.

The predatory mite Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein and Arutunjan (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an indigenous and widespread species of the Middle East fauna. In this paper we assess the effect of temperature on developmental rate and reproduction potential of T. bagdasarjani under laboratory conditions. The development of this species was determined at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 37.5 ± 1°C, 60 ± 10% RH and L16:D8 h photoperiod. The total developmental time averaged 28.2, 15.0, 8.9, 7.6, 7.2 and 7.4 days at 15-37.5°C, respectively, when feeding on immature stages of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. The lower developmental threshold (T ( 0 )) and thermal constant (K) for the development of this predator were estimated 9.2°C and 162 degree-days by the Ikemoto linear model. The life table parameters were estimated at 15-35°C. The shortest life span of females at 35°C was 45.0 days, followed by 50.7, 50.9, 103.3 and 136.8 days at 30, 25, 20 and 15°C, respectively. Mated females laid on average 19.9, 26.3, 41.1, 39.6 and 31.3 eggs per female at 15-35°C, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r ( m )) and finite rate of increase (λ) increased significantly with increasing temperature. The r ( m ) values ranged from 0.021 (15°C) to 0.186 (35°C) days(-1). The highest value of net reproductive rate (R (0)) was 13.6 females progeny/female/generation at 25°C. The results demonstrated that T. bagdasarjani is well adapted to high temperatures. However, the efficiency to control spider mites may be affected by behavioral characteristics of the predator and its prey under real conditions.