The use of robotics in pediatric surgery: my initial experience.

Robotic assisted minimal invasive surgery (RMIS) is a new resource popular in some surgical specialties but not yet in pediatric surgery. There are numerous advantages of robotic surgical technology in adult patients well documented in the literature. The purpose of this study is to define the feasibility, safety, and benefits of RMIS in pediatric patients in my initial learning experience. In a period of 24 months, all consecutive abdominal RMIS were reviewed. Chart revision was conducted retrospectively. Demographic data were collected in each patient. Other data reviewed were indications for surgery, surgical procedures, complication rate, and conversion rate to open procedure. Four arms robotic equipment was used in all cases with 3 (5 mm) reusable robotic ports and a single (12 mm) disposable port. A total of 102 consecutive abdominal RMIS were performed in 77 pediatric patients. All cases were performed by the same pediatric surgeon in a teaching institution. The average patient age was 6.2 years (ranged from 4 months to 18 years) with 16 patients <1 year of age. The smallest patient was 4 kg. No cases required conversion to open technique. However, one case was converted to laparoscopy because of mesenteric bleeding. There were five intraoperative complications in three patients: minor bleeding (2), suture orogastric tube (1), and gastric opening (2) with repair. Postoperative complications were noted in four patients: mild dysphagia (2) and Nissen wrap breakdown (2). Although the use of RMIS in pediatric patients is still controversial, it is feasible and safe to perform robotic surgery in children with a low complication rate. In addition, excellent visualization with outstanding maneuverability of instruments is of great benefit. These benefits may offset the increased cost of robotic technology especially in technically complex surgical cases.