Ingri Myklestad1, Espen Røysamb, Kristian Tambs. 1. Division of Mental Health, Department of Children and Adolescents, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway. ingri.myklestad@fhi.no
Abstract
PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate potential adolescent and parental psychosocial risk and protective factors for psychological distress among adolescents and, in addition, to examine potential gender and age differences in the effects of risk factors on adolescent psychological distress. METHODS: Data were collected among 8,984 Norwegian adolescents (13-19 years) and their parents in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). The outcome measure was psychological distress (SCL-5). RESULTS: Bivariate regression analysis with generalized estimating equation (GEE) model showed that all parental self-reported variables (mental distress, substance use, social network, economic problems, unemployment and family structure) and adolescents' self-reported variables (leisure activities, social support from friends, school-related problems and substance use) were significantly associated with psychological distress among adolescents. Results revealed that in a multiple regression analysis with a GEE model, adolescent psychosocial variables, specifically academic-related problems and being bullied at school, emerged as the strongest predictors of psychological distress among adolescents after controlling for age, gender, and all parental and adolescent variables. The following psychosocial risk factors were significantly more important for girl's psychological distress compared to boys: problems with academic achievement, conduct problems in school, frequency of being drunk, smoking, dissatisfaction in school, living alone and seen parents being drunk. CONCLUSION: Academic achievement and being bullied at school were the psychosocial factors most strongly associated with psychological distress among adolescents. Parental factors had an indirect effect on adolescent psychological distress, through adolescents' psychosocial factors.
PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate potential adolescent and parental psychosocial risk and protective factors for psychological distress among adolescents and, in addition, to examine potential gender and age differences in the effects of risk factors on adolescent psychological distress. METHODS: Data were collected among 8,984 Norwegian adolescents (13-19 years) and their parents in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). The outcome measure was psychological distress (SCL-5). RESULTS: Bivariate regression analysis with generalized estimating equation (GEE) model showed that all parental self-reported variables (mental distress, substance use, social network, economic problems, unemployment and family structure) and adolescents' self-reported variables (leisure activities, social support from friends, school-related problems and substance use) were significantly associated with psychological distress among adolescents. Results revealed that in a multiple regression analysis with a GEE model, adolescent psychosocial variables, specifically academic-related problems and being bullied at school, emerged as the strongest predictors of psychological distress among adolescents after controlling for age, gender, and all parental and adolescent variables. The following psychosocial risk factors were significantly more important for girl's psychological distress compared to boys: problems with academic achievement, conduct problems in school, frequency of being drunk, smoking, dissatisfaction in school, living alone and seen parents being drunk. CONCLUSION: Academic achievement and being bullied at school were the psychosocial factors most strongly associated with psychological distress among adolescents. Parental factors had an indirect effect on adolescent psychological distress, through adolescents' psychosocial factors.
Authors: Odd Steffen Dalgard; Christopher Dowrick; Ville Lehtinen; Jose Luis Vazquez-Barquero; Patricia Casey; Greg Wilkinson; Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos; Helen Page; Graham Dunn Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2006-03-29 Impact factor: 4.328
Authors: Rebecca K Sripada; Amy S B Bohnert; Alan R Teo; Debra S Levine; Paul N Pfeiffer; Nicholas W Bowersox; Mark S Mizruchi; Stephen T Chermack; Dara Ganoczy; Heather Walters; Marcia Valenstein Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2015-06-02 Impact factor: 4.328