BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There has been limited study of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) expression in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GINETs) despite emerging evidence of hormone receptor regulation of pancreatic islet cells. Beta cells express PR and progesterone has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes. There is conflicting information regarding HER2/neu protein overexpression in GINETs. Investigation of ER, PR and HER2/neu expression in GINETs is therefore warranted. METHODS: A pathology database search identified 77 patients with primary pancreatic (40) or small intestinal (37) NETs diagnosed from 1991 to 2009. Ki67, ER, PR and HER2/neu were assessed via immunohistochemistry. ER and PR were interpreted as negative (0), 1+ (Allred score 3-7/8) or 2+ (Allred score 8/8), and HER2/neu was assessed according to ASCO/CAP guidelines for breast carcinoma. Clinical correlation and survival outcomes were ascertained by a retrospective clinical chart review. RESULTS: 2+ PR staining was observed more often in pancreatic compared to small intestinal cases (55 vs. 8%; p < 0.001). All small intestinal NETs with 2+ PR were duodenal primaries. Cases with 2+ PR presented significantly less often with nodal or distant metastases compared to cases with 0/1+ PR (13 vs. 61.5%; p < 0.001) and had significantly improved disease-free survival (median 155 vs. 38 months; p = 0.037). Only one case demonstrated 2+ ER staining and all were negative for HER2/neu. CONCLUSION: GINETs with strong (2+) PR expression are associated with pancreatic/duodenal origin, lower stage disease, and more favorable clinical prognosis. Further study is needed to determine the clinical utility of PR expression in GINETs.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There has been limited study of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) expression in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GINETs) despite emerging evidence of hormone receptor regulation of pancreatic islet cells. Beta cells express PR and progesterone has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes. There is conflicting information regarding HER2/neu protein overexpression in GINETs. Investigation of ER, PR and HER2/neu expression in GINETs is therefore warranted. METHODS: A pathology database search identified 77 patients with primary pancreatic (40) or small intestinal (37) NETs diagnosed from 1991 to 2009. Ki67, ER, PR and HER2/neu were assessed via immunohistochemistry. ER and PR were interpreted as negative (0), 1+ (Allred score 3-7/8) or 2+ (Allred score 8/8), and HER2/neu was assessed according to ASCO/CAP guidelines for breast carcinoma. Clinical correlation and survival outcomes were ascertained by a retrospective clinical chart review. RESULTS: 2+ PR staining was observed more often in pancreatic compared to small intestinal cases (55 vs. 8%; p < 0.001). All small intestinal NETs with 2+ PR were duodenal primaries. Cases with 2+ PR presented significantly less often with nodal or distant metastases compared to cases with 0/1+ PR (13 vs. 61.5%; p < 0.001) and had significantly improved disease-free survival (median 155 vs. 38 months; p = 0.037). Only one case demonstrated 2+ ER staining and all were negative for HER2/neu. CONCLUSION: GINETs with strong (2+) PR expression are associated with pancreatic/duodenal origin, lower stage disease, and more favorable clinical prognosis. Further study is needed to determine the clinical utility of PR expression in GINETs.
Authors: Sambit K Mohanty; Stacey A Kim; Deborah F DeLair; Shikha Bose; Anna R Laury; Shefali Chopra; Richard B Mertens; Deepti Dhall Journal: Mod Pathol Date: 2016-04-29 Impact factor: 7.842
Authors: Jeannelyn S Estrella; Ly T Ma; Denái R Milton; James C Yao; Huamin Wang; Asif Rashid; Russell R Broaddus Journal: Pancreas Date: 2014-10 Impact factor: 3.327
Authors: Anela Blažević; Tessa Brabander; Wouter T Zandee; Johannes Hofland; Gaston J H Franssen; Marie-Louise F van Velthuysen; Richard A Feelders; Wouter W De Herder Journal: Cancers (Basel) Date: 2021-01-25 Impact factor: 6.639
Authors: Anela Blažević; Anand M Iyer; Marie-Louise F van Velthuysen; Johannes Hofland; Lindsey Oudijk; Wouter W de Herder; Leo J Hofland; Richard A Feelders Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2022-04-19 Impact factor: 6.134
Authors: Florian Viehweger; Lisa-Marie Tinger; David Dum; Natalia Gorbokon; Anne Menz; Ria Uhlig; Franziska Büscheck; Andreas M Luebke; Claudia Hube-Magg; Andrea Hinsch; Doris Höflmayer; Christoph Fraune; Patrick Lebok; Sören Weidemann; Maximilian Lennartz; Frank Jacobsen; Till S Clauditz; Rainer Krech; Till Krech; Andreas H Marx; Ronald Simon; Eike Burandt; Stefan Steurer; Guido Sauter; Sarah Minner; Christian Bernreuther Journal: Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) Date: 2022-08-08 Impact factor: 4.133
Authors: Alberto Puccini; Kelsey Poorman; Mohamed E Salem; Davide Soldato; Andreas Seeber; Richard M Goldberg; Anthony F Shields; Joanne Xiu; Francesca Battaglin; Martin D Berger; Ryuma Tokunaga; Madiha Naseem; Afsaneh Barzi; Syma Iqbal; Wu Zhang; Shivani Soni; Jimmy J Hwang; Philip A Philip; Stefania Sciallero; W Michael Korn; John L Marshall; Heinz-Josef Lenz Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2020-09-03 Impact factor: 12.531