BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the progression of chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the role of OS in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether OS promotes angiogenesis in HCC. METHODS: The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor2 (VEGFR2), and phosphorylated Akt were assessed, and microvessel density (MVD) and the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) population were examined by immunohistological staining in 55 HCC samples. The OS level in these tissues was assessed using 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) immunostaining, and an 8-OHdG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression and activation of angiogenic factors and the effect of growth stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also assessed in vitro, using HLE hepatoma-derived cells and conditioned medium with or without treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂); a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin; and an anti-oxidative agent, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). RESULTS: A higher OS grade was significantly associated with higher MVD, VEGF expression, Akt activity, and OS grade of CAFs, but not with the percentage of the CAF population in HCC tissues. Additionally, cancer cells constituted a major population of OS marker-positive cells in HCC tissues. In vitro, H₂O₂ treatment induced up-regulation of VEGF at both the mRNA and protein levels, activated Akt, and resulted in the proliferation of HUVECs; the addition of wortmannin and NAC counteracted the effects of OS. CONCLUSIONS: OS enhances the malignant potential of HCC through the stimulation of angiogenesis by activation of the Akt-VEGF pathway.
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the progression of chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the role of OS in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether OS promotes angiogenesis in HCC. METHODS: The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor2 (VEGFR2), and phosphorylated Akt were assessed, and microvessel density (MVD) and the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) population were examined by immunohistological staining in 55 HCC samples. The OS level in these tissues was assessed using 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) immunostaining, and an 8-OHdG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression and activation of angiogenic factors and the effect of growth stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also assessed in vitro, using HLE hepatoma-derived cells and conditioned medium with or without treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂); a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin; and an anti-oxidative agent, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). RESULTS: A higher OS grade was significantly associated with higher MVD, VEGF expression, Akt activity, and OS grade of CAFs, but not with the percentage of the CAF population in HCC tissues. Additionally, cancer cells constituted a major population of OS marker-positive cells in HCC tissues. In vitro, H₂O₂ treatment induced up-regulation of VEGF at both the mRNA and protein levels, activated Akt, and resulted in the proliferation of HUVECs; the addition of wortmannin and NAC counteracted the effects of OS. CONCLUSIONS: OS enhances the malignant potential of HCC through the stimulation of angiogenesis by activation of the Akt-VEGF pathway.
Authors: Abby B Siegel; Emil I Cohen; Allyson Ocean; Deborah Lehrer; Alec Goldenberg; Jennifer J Knox; Helen Chen; Sean Clark-Garvey; Alan Weinberg; John Mandeli; Paul Christos; Madhu Mazumdar; Elizabeta Popa; Robert S Brown; Shahin Rafii; Jonathan D Schwartz Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2008-06-20 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: O N El-Assal; A Yamanoi; Y Soda; M Yamaguchi; M Igarashi; A Yamamoto; T Nabika; N Nagasue Journal: Hepatology Date: 1998-06 Impact factor: 17.425
Authors: T Torimura; M Sata; T Ueno; M Kin; R Tsuji; K Suzaku; O Hashimoto; H Sugawara; K Tanikawa Journal: Hum Pathol Date: 1998-09 Impact factor: 3.466
Authors: N S Chandel; E Maltepe; E Goldwasser; C E Mathieu; M C Simon; P T Schumacker Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 1998-09-29 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Ni Zeng; Yang Li; Lina He; Xiaoling Xu; Vivian Galicia; Chuxia Deng; Bangyan L Stiles Journal: Mol Cancer Res Date: 2011-10-18 Impact factor: 5.852
Authors: Sujith Dassanayaka; Yuting Zheng; Andrew A Gibb; Timothy D Cummins; Lindsey A McNally; Kenneth R Brittian; Ganapathy Jagatheesan; Timothy N Audam; Bethany W Long; Robert E Brainard; Steven P Jones; Bradford G Hill Journal: Redox Biol Date: 2018-06-01 Impact factor: 11.799