Cell cycle-dependent transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of chloroplast gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The regulated expression of five chloroplast genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during a 24 hour cell cycle (12 hours light, 12 hours dark) was analyzed. Transcription rates of the genes encoding the two reaction center proteins of Photosystem I (psaA, psaB), the subunits alpha and beta (atpA, atpB) of chloroplast ATP synthase and for chloroplast elongation factor tu (EF-tu) were measured during the cell cycle. All genes are maximally transcribed at the beginning of the light period. Transcription was induced before the onset of illumination by a light-independent mechanism. Transcript abundance of the same genes during the cell cycle was determined by quantification of Northern blots hybridized with gene-specific probes. The atpA, atpB and psaB mRNAs were most abundant in the first 6 hours of the light period and decreased to about 15% of maximum in the dark. The abundance of psaA mRNA showed less variation and was maximal around the middle of the cell cycle. The EF-tu mRNA showed a maximum early in the light period, but decreased to almost undetectable levels in the second half of the light period. Because of the similar transcriptional patterns observed, the differential steady state levels of these chloroplast transcripts appeared to be regulated at the post-transcriptional level.