BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a method of heat therapy using nanometer techniques and hyperthermia. It has the advantage of high specificity of targeting. The aim of this study is to detect the effects of MFH induced by an alternating magnetic field on human being carcinoma A549 cells in vitro. METHODS: A human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was cultured with various concentrations of ferroferric oxide (Fe₃O₄) magnetic fluid (1.5-6.0) mg/mL and exposed to an alternative magnetic field (AMF) for 30 min. And then the optical density (OD) of viable cell, cytotocixity index, growth curve of cells, morphologic changes of cell, cell cycle and aposptosis were measured. RESULTS: The proliferation of the A549 cells were remarkably inhibited, the OD value of viable cells decreased and cytotoxity index (CI) increased; Apoptosis of the A549 cells were observed to have cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, margination, unclear fragmentation and intact cell membrane by light and electron microscopy; The cells were inhibited in the stage S. CONCLUSIONS: MFH induced by AMF could inhibit the proliferation, which promotes apoptosis and arrest at S stage of the A549 cells.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a method of heat therapy using nanometer techniques and hyperthermia. It has the advantage of high specificity of targeting. The aim of this study is to detect the effects of MFH induced by an alternating magnetic field on human being carcinoma A549 cells in vitro. METHODS: A humanadenocarcinoma cell line A549 was cultured with various concentrations of ferroferric oxide (Fe₃O₄) magnetic fluid (1.5-6.0) mg/mL and exposed to an alternative magnetic field (AMF) for 30 min. And then the optical density (OD) of viable cell, cytotocixity index, growth curve of cells, morphologic changes of cell, cell cycle and aposptosis were measured. RESULTS: The proliferation of the A549 cells were remarkably inhibited, the OD value of viable cells decreased and cytotoxity index (CI) increased; Apoptosis of the A549 cells were observed to have cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, margination, unclear fragmentation and intact cell membrane by light and electron microscopy; The cells were inhibited in the stage S. CONCLUSIONS: MFH induced by AMF could inhibit the proliferation, which promotes apoptosis and arrest at S stage of the A549 cells.
SEM images of magnetic fluid particle. The picture showed that the diameter of the particle was about 10 nm-40 nm (×2, 000, 000)
磁流体粒子的电镜照片。照片显示粒子直径在10 nm-40 nm之间(×200万)SEM images of magnetic fluid particle. The picture showed that the diameter of the particle was about 10 nm-40 nm (×2, 000, 000)
流式细胞术检测A组、B组、C组、D组、E组人肺癌细胞A549的凋亡率分别为(2.41±0.20)%、(6.30± 0.80)%、(14.22±1.60)%、(27.06±1.20)%和(49.53 ±3.10)%,与A组比较,有明显差异(F=413.243, P < 0.001)(图 3)。流式细胞术检测A组、B组、C组、D组、E组人肺癌细胞A549的细胞周期提示,人肺癌细胞A549细胞G1期细胞随着Fe3O4浓度的增加呈现明显减少趋势,S期和G2期细胞呈现逐渐增加的趋势;D组与E组的细胞周期间无明显差异(P>0.05)(表 1)。
3
磁流体热疗后各组人肺癌细胞凋亡和周期图
The apoptosis of A549 cells were observed and the cells were arrested at the stage S
1
各组人肺癌细胞A549细胞周期变化
Comparison of cell cycles of A549 cells among different groups
Group
Cell cycle
G0/G1
S
G2/M
Comparison among groups, F value of G0/G1, S and G2/M were 26.165, 11.231 and 50.314, P < 0.001; compared with control group, ※P < 0.05; compared with Fe3O4 1.5 mg/mL group, ★P < 0.05; compared with Fe3O4 4.5 mg/mL group, △P>0.05.
Control
56.58±1.25
29.62±0.16
13.08±1.06
Fe3O4 1.5 mg/mL (40.1 ℃)
55.17±0.78
30.43±1.03
14.41±0.72
Fe3O4 3.0 mg/mL (42.5 ℃)
50.15±1.16※★
31.83±0.11※★
18.01±0.05※★
Fe3O4 4.5 mg/mL (45.1 ℃)
45.81±0.46※★
33.63±0.11※★
20.67±0.18※★
Fe3O4 6.0 mg/mL (49.1 ℃)
46.93±1.06※★△
32.76±1.01※★△
20.31±1.18※★△
磁流体热疗后各组人肺癌细胞凋亡和周期图The apoptosis of A549 cells were observed and the cells were arrested at the stage S各组人肺癌细胞A549细胞周期变化Comparison of cell cycles of A549 cells among different groups
Changes in cell morphology were observe by light microscopy (×400). A (Control group) and B (Fe3O4 1.5 mg/mL group): The human being carcinoma A549 cells have no evident changes; C (Fe3O4 3.0 mg/mL group) and D (Fe3O4 4.5 mg/mL group): Most of the human being carcinoma A549 cells were observed to have cell death, karyopyknosis by light microscopy; E (Fe3O4 6.0 mg/mL group): All cells were observed to have cell death
Changes in cell morphology were observed by electron microscopy (×8, 000). A (Control group): Normal human being carcinoma A549 cell; B (Fe3O4 1.5 mg/mL group): A549 cells does not have apparent change; C (Fe3O4 3.0 mg/mL group): A549 cells were observed to have margination; D (Fe3O4 4.5 mg/mL group): A549 cells were observed to have a form of nuclear fragmentation in apoptosis by electron microscopy; E (Fe3O4 6.0 mg/mL group): Necrosis were observed at 49.1 ℃
磁流体热疗后各组人肺癌细胞的光镜下形态学改变(×400)。A(Control组)和B(Fe3O4 1.5 mg/mL组):细胞生长形态基本差别不大,呈梭形,分布规则,胞核清晰突出;C:Fe3O4 3.0 mg/mL组,细胞开始出现死亡;D:Fe3O4 4.5 mg/mL组,随着温度升高,死亡的细胞越多;E:Fe3O4 6.0 mg/mL组,细胞全部死亡Changes in cell morphology were observe by light microscopy (×400). A (Control group) and B (Fe3O4 1.5 mg/mL group): The human being carcinoma A549 cells have no evident changes; C (Fe3O4 3.0 mg/mL group) and D (Fe3O4 4.5 mg/mL group): Most of the human being carcinoma A549 cells were observed to have cell death, karyopyknosis by light microscopy; E (Fe3O4 6.0 mg/mL group): All cells were observed to have cell death磁流体热疗后各肺癌细胞电镜观察图(×8, 000)。A(Control组):正常A549肺癌细胞的电镜下表现;B(Fe3O4 1.5 mg/mL组):肺癌细胞热疗后电镜观察无明显改变;C(Fe3O4 3.0 mg/mL组):肺癌细胞热疗呈凋亡样改变,表现为染色体边聚;D(Fe3O4 4.5 mg/mL组):肺癌细胞热疗后表现为核碎裂,也是凋亡的一种形态学表现;E(Fe3O4 6.0 mg/mL组):在49.1 ℃较高温度条件下表现为坏死样改变,细胞正常形态消失,核溶解,大量细胞碎片形成Changes in cell morphology were observed by electron microscopy (×8, 000). A (Control group): Normal human being carcinoma A549 cell; B (Fe3O4 1.5 mg/mL group): A549 cells does not have apparent change; C (Fe3O4 3.0 mg/mL group): A549 cells were observed to have margination; D (Fe3O4 4.5 mg/mL group): A549 cells were observed to have a form of nuclear fragmentation in apoptosis by electron microscopy; E (Fe3O4 6.0 mg/mL group): Necrosis were observed at 49.1 ℃
Authors: Ida Stenfeldt Mathiasen; Igor N Sergeev; Lone Bastholm; Folmer Elling; Anthony W Norman; Marja Jäättelä Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2002-06-18 Impact factor: 5.157