Biological targeting and innovative therapeutic interventions with phage-displayed peptides and structured nucleic acids (aptamers).

Diverse technologies such as phage display, cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment and related modifications thereof are generating a wide range of peptide-based and structured nucleic acid (aptamers)-based ligands for therapeutic and diagnostic interventions in an unbiased biological context. Their impressive affinity and unprecedented target specificity make these ligands as ideal small-sized candidates for conjugation to macromolecules and nanoparticulate matters, thus opening the path to new and sophisticated design solutions for targeted therapy, disease detection and diagnosis. Vascular beds of many organs and tissue, cancer, immune and stem cells are among the key targets. These technologies are evaluated and selected recent examples of innovative biological targeting and therapeutic interventions with phage-displayed peptides and aptamers are discussed.