Liver transplantation in HCV/HIV positive patients.

Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996 for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, the incidence of liver diseases secondary to co-infection with hepatitis C has increased. Although data on the outcome of liver transplantation in HIV-infected recipients is limited, the overall results to date seem to be comparable to that in non-HIV-infected recipients. Liver transplant centers are now accepting HIV-infected individuals as organ recipients. Post-transplantation HIV replication is controlled by HAART. Hepatitis C re-infection of the liver graft, however, remains an important problem because cirrhotic changes of the liver graft may be more rapid in HIV-infected recipients. Interactions between the HAART components and immunosuppressive drugs influence drug metabolism and therefore meticulous monitoring of drug blood level concentrations is required. The risk of opportunistic infection in HIV-positive transplant patients seems to be similar to that in HIV-negative transplant recipients.