PURPOSE: To determine if the spatial pattern of gonorrhea observed for North Carolina was influenced by neighborhood-level sociocultural determinants of health, including race/ethnicity. METHODS: A generalized linear mixed model with spatially correlated random effects was fit to measure the influence of socio-cultural factors on the spatial pattern of gonorrhea reported to the North Carolina State Health Department (January 1, 2005 to March 31, 2008). RESULTS: Neighborhood gonorrhea rates increased as the percent single mothers increased (25th to 75th neighborhood percentile Relative Rate 1.18, 95% CI 1.12, 1.25), and decreased as socioeconomic status increased (Relative Rate 0.89, 95% CI 0.84, 0.95). Increasing numbers of men in neighborhoods with more women than men did not change the gonorrhea rate, but was associated with decreased rates in neighborhoods with more men than women. Living in the mountains was protective for all race/ethnicities. Rurality was associated with decreased rates for Blacks and increased rates for Native Americans outside the mountains. PURPOSE: Neighborhood-level sociocultural factors, primarily those indicative of neighborhood deprivation, explained a significant proportion of the spatial pattern of gonorrhea in both urban and rural communities. Race/ethnicity was an important proxy for social and cultural factors not captured by measures of socioeconomic status.
PURPOSE: To determine if the spatial pattern of gonorrhea observed for North Carolina was influenced by neighborhood-level sociocultural determinants of health, including race/ethnicity. METHODS: A generalized linear mixed model with spatially correlated random effects was fit to measure the influence of socio-cultural factors on the spatial pattern of gonorrhea reported to the North Carolina State Health Department (January 1, 2005 to March 31, 2008). RESULTS:Neighborhood gonorrhea rates increased as the percent single mothers increased (25th to 75th neighborhood percentile Relative Rate 1.18, 95% CI 1.12, 1.25), and decreased as socioeconomic status increased (Relative Rate 0.89, 95% CI 0.84, 0.95). Increasing numbers of men in neighborhoods with more women than men did not change the gonorrhea rate, but was associated with decreased rates in neighborhoods with more men than women. Living in the mountains was protective for all race/ethnicities. Rurality was associated with decreased rates for Blacks and increased rates for Native Americans outside the mountains. PURPOSE: Neighborhood-level sociocultural factors, primarily those indicative of neighborhood deprivation, explained a significant proportion of the spatial pattern of gonorrhea in both urban and rural communities. Race/ethnicity was an important proxy for social and cultural factors not captured by measures of socioeconomic status.
Authors: P H Kilmarx; A A Zaidi; J C Thomas; A K Nakashima; M E St Louis; M L Flock; T A Peterman Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 1997-12 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Kyle T Bernstein; Frank C Curriero; Jacky M Jennings; Glen Olthoff; Emily J Erbelding; Jonathan Zenilman Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2004-07-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Claire L Risley; Helen Ward; Bhudipa Choudhury; Cynthia J Bishop; Kevin A Fenton; Brian G Spratt; Catherine A Ison; Azra C Ghani Journal: Sex Transm Infect Date: 2007-08-16 Impact factor: 3.519
Authors: Nancy Krieger; Jarvis T Chen; Pamela D Waterman; David H Rehkopf; S V Subramanian Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2003-10 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Thomas J Stopka; Alexandra Lutnick; Lynn D Wenger; Kathryn Deriemer; Estella M Geraghty; Alex H Kral Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2012-05-04 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Hannelore M Götz; Louise Aam van Oeffelen; Christian J P A Hoebe; Birgit Hb van Benthem Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2019-01-21 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Veronica Escamilla; Kristen H Hampton; Dionne C Gesink; Marc L Serre; Michael Emch; Peter A Leone; Erika Samoff; William C Miller Journal: Sex Transm Dis Date: 2016-04 Impact factor: 2.830
Authors: Dionne C Gesink; Ashleigh B Sullivan; Todd A Norwood; Marc L Serre; William C Miller Journal: Sex Transm Dis Date: 2013-01 Impact factor: 2.830
Authors: Ramal Moonesinghe; Eleanor Fleming; Benedict I Truman; Hazel D Dean Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2012-09-03 Impact factor: 3.390