Interventional radiology in the treatment of the complications of organ transplant in the pediatric population-part 1: the kidneys, heart, lungs, and intestines.

Transplants continue to be the preferred treatment for end-stage organ disease in children. Transplants in children vary from adults due to the different indications and diseases leading to transplant, the smaller body size of children, and the different surgical techniques. These differences have led to a set of complications often seen in the transplanted child as well as interventional solutions tailored to their special needs. This paper will examine each transplanted solid organ (with the exception of the liver) and their associated complications. The interventional technique for each key procedure will be described.