MR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging of the brain.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and the related technique of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) are widely used in both clinical and preclinical research for the non-invasive evaluation of brain metabolism. They are also used in medical practice, although their ultimate clinical value continues to be a source of discussion. This chapter reviews the general information content of brain spectra and commonly used protocols for both MRS and MRSI and also touches on data analysis methods and quantitation. The main focus is on proton MRS for application in humans, but many of the methods are also applicable to other nuclei and studies of animal models as well.